biostudies-literatureGoel RRNIAID NIH HHSNHLBI NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSNIAMS NIH HHSabm0829https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9284784biostudies-literatureUnknown374(6572)The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects at 6 months. By contrast, mRNA vaccines generated functional memory B cells that increased from 3 to 6 months postvaccination, with the majority of these cells cross-binding the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. mRNA vaccination further induced antigen-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and early CD4⁺ T cell responses correlated with long-term humoral immunity. Recall responses to vaccination in indiviScience (New York, N.Y.)mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.PMC9284784R38 HL143613R01 AI155577R01 AI105343R01 AI152236T32 AI070077P01 AI108545T32 AI055400U19 AI082630T32 AR076951R21 AI142638U19 AI149680T32 CA009140P30 AI045008Drapeau EMSette AHerring SVella LAHamilton JTKorte SKuthuru OMeng WAwofolaju MLong SDavenport MPHensley SEGoel RRGreenplate ARPainter MMWherry EJGouma SFrank ILuning Prak ETUPenn COVID Processing Unit‡Bates PGiles JRDysinger SBaxter AEOldridge DAD'Andrea KHicks PSharma HApostolidis SAMathew DAdamski SPattekar AGrifoni AReynaldi AMcLaughlin MRosenfeld AMDougherty JWeiskopf DKuri-Cervantes LLundgreen KAWeirick MEWilliams JCHicks ABetts MRKhoury DSMcAllister CMTanenbaum NfalsemRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern.The durability of immune memory after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccination remains unclear. In this study, we longitudinally profiled vaccine responses in SARS-CoV-2–naïve and –recovered individuals for 6 months after vaccination. Antibodies declined from peak levels but remained detectable in most subjects at 6 months. By contrast, mRNA vaccines generated functional memory B cells that increased from 3 to 6 months postvaccination, with the majority of these cells cross-binding the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants. mRNA vaccination further induced antigen-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and early CD4⁺ T cell responses correlated with long-term humoral immunity. Recall responses to vaccination in indivi2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 Dec2026-05-09T14:27:13.992Z2025-04-04T03:20:21.209ZS-EPMC92847843464830210.1126/science.abm0829