biostudies-literatureUnknownLie IANeuro-SysMed at Haukeland University HospitalPronova BiocareAmersham HealthUniversity of BergenDutch MS Research FoundationMerck Serono, NorwayHelse VestResearch Council of NorwayNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) biomedical research centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNorwegian Multiple Sclerosis SocietyNovartis<h4>Background</h4>The predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) on long-term prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>Investigate the relation between sNfL levels over a 2-year period in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and clinical disability and grey matter (GM) atrophy after 10 years.<h4>Methods</h4>85 patients, originally enrolled in a multicentre, randomised trial of ω-3 fatty acids, participated in a 10-year follow-up visit. sNfL levels were measured by Simoa quarterly until month 12, and then at month 24. The appearance of new gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions was assessed monthly between baseline and month 9, and then at months 12 and 24. At the 10-year follow-up visit, brain atrophy measures were obtained using FreeSurfer.<h4>Results</h4>Higher mean sNfL levels during early periods of active inflammation (Gd+ lesions present or recently present) predicted lower total (β=-0.399, p=0.040) and deep (β=-0.556, p=0.010) GM volume, lower mean cortical thickness (β=-0.581, p=0.010) and higher T2 lesion count (β=0.498, p=0.018). Of the clinical outcomes, higher inflammatory sNfL levels were associated with higher disability measured by the dominant hand Nine-Hole Peg Test (β=0.593, p=0.004). Mean sNfL levels during periods of remission (no Gd+ lesions present or recently present) did not predict GM atrophy or disability progression.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Higher sNfL levels during periods of active inflammation predicted more GM atrophy and specific aspects of clinical disability 10 years later. The findings suggest that subsequent long-term GM atrophy is mainly due to neuroaxonal degradation within new lesions.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatryjnnp-2021-328568https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9304101biostudies-literatureSerum neurofilament as a predictor of 10-year grey matter atrophy and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.PMC9304101MS 18-358f912020288164Holmoy TMyhr KMBo LMidgard RHarbo HFKacar SBarkhof FGosal SKvistad SSWergeland SVedeler CABru AWesnes KKleveland GLie IABrouwer IVrenken HOksendal NTorkildsen OEdland ASorenes YSEikeland RTeunissen CEVarhaug KNfalseSerum neurofilament as a predictor of 10-year grey matter atrophy and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study.<h4>Background</h4>The predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) on long-term prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear.<h4>Objective</h4>Investigate the relation between sNfL levels over a 2-year period in patients with relapsing-remitting MS, and clinical disability and grey matter (GM) atrophy after 10 years.<h4>Methods</h4>85 patients, originally enrolled in a multicentre, randomised trial of ω-3 fatty acids, participated in a 10-year follow-up visit. sNfL levels were measured by Simoa quarterly until month 12, and then at month 24. The appearance of new gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions was assessed monthly between baseline and month 9, and then at months 12 and 24. At the 10-year follow-up visit, brain atrophy measures were obtained using FreeSurfer.<h4>Results</h4>Higher mean sNfL levels during early periods of active inflammation (Gd+ lesions present or recently present) predicted lower total (β=-0.399, p=0.040) and deep (β=-0.556, p=0.010) GM volume, lower mean cortical thickness (β=-0.581, p=0.010) and higher T2 lesion count (β=0.498, p=0.018). Of the clinical outcomes, higher inflammatory sNfL levels were associated with higher disability measured by the dominant hand Nine-Hole Peg Test (β=0.593, p=0.004). Mean sNfL levels during periods of remission (no Gd+ lesions present or recently present) did not predict GM atrophy or disability progression.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Higher sNfL levels during periods of active inflammation predicted more GM atrophy and specific aspects of clinical disability 10 years later. The findings suggest that subsequent long-term GM atrophy is mainly due to neuroaxonal degradation within new lesions.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jun2026-06-21T03:19:37.899Z2026-06-21T03:12:35.323ZS-EPMC93041013564969910.1136/jnnp-2021-328568