biostudies-literatureLohr NADeutsche Forschungsgemeinschafte202116142https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9325552biostudies-literatureUnknown61(24)(Pre-)anthraquinones are widely distributed natural compounds and occur in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and animals, with atrochrysone (1) as the key biosynthetic precursor. Chemical analyses established mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius-the webcaps-as producers of atrochrysone-derived octaketide pigments. However, more recent genomic data did not provide any evidence for known atrochrysone carboxylic acid (4) synthases nor any other polyketide synthase (PKS) producing oligocyclic metabolites. Here, we describe an unprecedented class of non-reducing (NR-)PKS. In vitro assays with recombinant enzyme in combination with in vivo product formation in the heterologous host Aspergillus niger established CoPKS1 and CoPKS4 of C. odorifer as members of a new class of atrochrysone carboxylic acidAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)Unprecedented Mushroom Polyketide Synthases Produce the Universal Anthraquinone Precursor.PMC9325552HO 2515/8-1Eisen FMuller MGressler MHoffmeister DLohr NAThiele WHuttel WMotter JPlatz LfalseUnprecedented Mushroom Polyketide Synthases Produce the Universal Anthraquinone Precursor.(Pre-)anthraquinones are widely distributed natural compounds and occur in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and animals, with atrochrysone (1) as the key biosynthetic precursor. Chemical analyses established mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius-the webcaps-as producers of atrochrysone-derived octaketide pigments. However, more recent genomic data did not provide any evidence for known atrochrysone carboxylic acid (4) synthases nor any other polyketide synthase (PKS) producing oligocyclic metabolites. Here, we describe an unprecedented class of non-reducing (NR-)PKS. In vitro assays with recombinant enzyme in combination with in vivo product formation in the heterologous host Aspergillus niger established CoPKS1 and CoPKS4 of C. odorifer as members of a new class of atrochrysone carboxylic acid2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jun2025-04-27T01:13:43.23Z2025-04-06T18:08:10.706ZS-EPMC93255523521827410.1002/anie.202116142