biostudies-literatureKent CMU.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Geological Survey13083https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9338306biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and potential population impacts for vulnerable species. Although it is recognized that influenza A virus prevalence peaks in reservoir waterfowl in late summer through autumn, temporal and spatial variation across species has not been fully characterized. We combined two large influenza databases for North America and applied spatiotemporal models to explore patterns in prevalence throughout the annual cycle and across the continental United States for 30 waterfowl species. Peaks in prevalence in late summer through autumn were pronounced for dabbling Scientific reportsSpatiotemporal changes in influenza A virus prevalence among wild waterfowl inhabiting the continental United States throughout the annual cycle.PMC9338306Cooperative Agreement 6000001762Cline TDTakekawa JYSlemons RDBevins SNHill NJPoulson RLBoyce WMCardona CJMullinax JMCasazza MLSullivan JDWebster RGKent CMHall JSWebby RJAckerman JTNolting JMKrauss SPlancarte MStallknecht DEBahl JRunstadler JAProsser DJE De La Cruz SBowman ASRamey AMIp HSfalseSpatiotemporal changes in influenza A virus prevalence among wild waterfowl inhabiting the continental United States throughout the annual cycle.Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and potential population impacts for vulnerable species. Although it is recognized that influenza A virus prevalence peaks in reservoir waterfowl in late summer through autumn, temporal and spatial variation across species has not been fully characterized. We combined two large influenza databases for North America and applied spatiotemporal models to explore patterns in prevalence throughout the annual cycle and across the continental United States for 30 waterfowl species. Peaks in prevalence in late summer through autumn were pronounced for dabbling 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Jul2025-04-04T03:40:57.882Z2025-04-04T03:40:57.882ZS-EPMC93383063590629210.1038/s41598-022-17396-5