biostudies-literatureLiu JInnovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China72https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9357592biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)<h4>Background</h4>The mortality of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative (XDR GN) bacilli-induced ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is extremely high. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of inhaled (IH) plus intravenous (IV) polymyxin B versus IV polymyxin B in XDR GN bacilli VAP patients.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective multi-center observational cohort study was performed at eight ICUs between January 1^st 2018, and January 1^st 2020 in China. Data from all patients treated with polymyxin B for a microbiologically confirmed VAP were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the clinical cure of VAP. The favorable clinical outcome, microbiological outcome, VAP-related mortality and all-cause mortality during hospitalization, and side effectAnnals of intensive careLow-dose intravenous plus inhaled versus intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of extensive drug-resistant Gram-negative ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical illnesses: a multi-center matched case-control study.PMC93575928197186981873944Pan XWu JLiu JYao JXiong LTian MWen ZXu QZhang LZhang SChen DLi WLiu YHuang STaoWangTeboul JLShao MDu HChen YLiu FWu YXu YfalseLow-dose intravenous plus inhaled versus intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of extensive drug-resistant Gram-negative ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical illnesses: a multi-center matched case-control study.<h4>Background</h4>The mortality of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative (XDR GN) bacilli-induced ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is extremely high. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of inhaled (IH) plus intravenous (IV) polymyxin B versus IV polymyxin B in XDR GN bacilli VAP patients.<h4>Methods</h4>A retrospective multi-center observational cohort study was performed at eight ICUs between January 1^st 2018, and January 1^st 2020 in China. Data from all patients treated with polymyxin B for a microbiologically confirmed VAP were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the clinical cure of VAP. The favorable clinical outcome, microbiological outcome, VAP-related mortality and all-cause mortality during hospitalization, and side effect2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Aug2026-07-14T17:37:02.893Z2025-04-04T08:45:05.764ZS-EPMC93575923593473010.1186/s13613-022-01033-5