biostudies-literatureUnknown4Lahkar BKKinematic analysis of the upper extremity can be useful to assess the performance and skill levels of athletes during combat sports such as boxing. Although marker-based approach is widely used to obtain kinematic data, it is not suitable for "in the field" activities, i.e., when performed outside the laboratory environment. Markerless video-based systems along with deep learning-based pose estimation algorithms show great potential for estimating skeletal kinematics. However, applicability of these systems in assessing upper-limb kinematics remains unexplored in highly dynamic activities. This study aimed to assess kinematics of the upper limb estimated with a markerless motion capture system (2D video cameras along with commercially available pose estimation software Theia3D) compared toFrontiers in sports and active living939980https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9357930biostudies-literatureAccuracy of a markerless motion capture system in estimating upper extremity kinematics during boxing.PMC9357930Robert TMuller AReveret LLahkar BKDumas RfalseAccuracy of a markerless motion capture system in estimating upper extremity kinematics during boxing.Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity can be useful to assess the performance and skill levels of athletes during combat sports such as boxing. Although marker-based approach is widely used to obtain kinematic data, it is not suitable for "in the field" activities, i.e., when performed outside the laboratory environment. Markerless video-based systems along with deep learning-based pose estimation algorithms show great potential for estimating skeletal kinematics. However, applicability of these systems in assessing upper-limb kinematics remains unexplored in highly dynamic activities. This study aimed to assess kinematics of the upper limb estimated with a markerless motion capture system (2D video cameras along with commercially available pose estimation software Theia3D) compared to2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-05T08:56:14.756Z2025-04-05T08:56:14.756ZS-EPMC93579303595866810.3389/fspor.2022.939980