biostudies-literatureUnknown17(8)Ponnaiah M<h4>Background</h4>In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively. We compared their socio-demographics, co-morbidities, steroid use, glycaemic status, and practices. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression. The covariates with a p-value for crude OR of less than 0·20 were considered for the rePloS onee0272042https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9359565biostudies-literatureHyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.PMC9359565Bhojani DChaudhary NKavi ADhodapkar RBhavana KPalaninathan KRathinavel AR VBalaji NKJaisankar SRay SSheikh KMSamadhiya MBhatnagar TSarkar SGanesan SPillai NSingh RGupta NMallya SDRavi DBanumathi KKaruppiah MSelvaraj KVaidya SHegde RB H SSumathi VKumar GCPK GKankaria ASharma VPriya SSingh SRBHarugop ASThulasingam MKar SSKarthikeyan SRamesh DKasthuri NBellad SAAggarwal RRamalingam SPillai VMSaini VPujary KPandian RDNair PPS PKDube SMurali AKumar SSSingh CMPonnaiah MSaxena RSDeepthi PSoni KRizwan SAMurhekar MArulsundareshkumarLakshmanan SKhichar SPatel MNAlexander ABhatnagar ACh Toi PGoyal AMajella MGShristava VPrasad HMShantaraman KRaj ABallala KBharti BGarg MKMishra NNissar SPKadhiravan TfalseHyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.<h4>Background</h4>In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively. We compared their socio-demographics, co-morbidities, steroid use, glycaemic status, and practices. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression. The covariates with a p-value for crude OR of less than 0·20 were considered for the re2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-04T07:15:37.612Z2025-04-04T07:15:37.612ZS-EPMC93595653593944210.1371/journal.pone.0272042