biostudies-literatureUnknown11(15)Campos-Obando NBackground Hyperphosphatemia has been associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) mostly in chronic kidney disease, but the association between phosphate levels within the normal phosphate range and CAC is unclear. Our objectives were to evaluate associations between phosphate levels and CAC among men and women from the general population and assess causality through Mendelian randomization. Methods and Results CAC, measured by electron-beam computed tomography, and serum phosphate levels were assessed in 1889 individuals from the RS (Rotterdam Study). Phenotypic associations were tested through linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease and diabetes, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total calcium, C-reactive protein, glucose, andJournal of the American Heart Associatione023024https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9375490biostudies-literatureGenetic Evidence for a Causal Role of Serum Phosphate in Coronary Artery Calcification: The Rotterdam Study.PMC9375490van der Eerden BCJZillikens MCUitterlinden AGKavousi MFranco OHCampos-Obando NBosman ABos DMedina-Gomez CfalseGenetic Evidence for a Causal Role of Serum Phosphate in Coronary Artery Calcification: The Rotterdam Study.Background Hyperphosphatemia has been associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) mostly in chronic kidney disease, but the association between phosphate levels within the normal phosphate range and CAC is unclear. Our objectives were to evaluate associations between phosphate levels and CAC among men and women from the general population and assess causality through Mendelian randomization. Methods and Results CAC, measured by electron-beam computed tomography, and serum phosphate levels were assessed in 1889 individuals from the RS (Rotterdam Study). Phenotypic associations were tested through linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease and diabetes, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, total calcium, C-reactive protein, glucose, and2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Aug2026-06-01T02:13:21.803Z2025-02-19T01:28:54.041ZS-EPMC93754903590420410.1161/JAHA.121.023024