biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Pan SYTo distinguish the influences of fuel type and truck speed on chemical composition and sub-toxic effects of particulates (PM_2.5) from engine emissions, biomarkers-interleukin-6 (IL-6), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1-were studied in A549 human lung cells. Fuel type and truck speed preferentially affected the quantity and ion/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition of PM_2.5, respectively. Under idling operation, phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH. At high speed, more than 50% of the PAHs had high molecular weight (HMW), of which benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (I[cd]P) were the main PAHs. B[a]P, B[ghi]P, and I[cd]P caused potent induction of IL-6, CScientific reports15004https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9440210biostudies-literatureSub-toxic events induced by truck speed-facilitated PM_2.5 and its counteraction by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in A549 human lung cells.PMC9440210Pan SYWei WCWang YCChi KHUeng YFfalseSub-toxic events induced by truck speed-facilitated PM_2.5 and its counteraction by epigallocatechin-3-gallate in A549 human lung cells.To distinguish the influences of fuel type and truck speed on chemical composition and sub-toxic effects of particulates (PM_2.5) from engine emissions, biomarkers-interleukin-6 (IL-6), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1-were studied in A549 human lung cells. Fuel type and truck speed preferentially affected the quantity and ion/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition of PM_2.5, respectively. Under idling operation, phenanthrene was the most abundant PAH. At high speed, more than 50% of the PAHs had high molecular weight (HMW), of which benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[ghi]perylene (B[ghi]P), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (I[cd]P) were the main PAHs. B[a]P, B[ghi]P, and I[cd]P caused potent induction of IL-6, C2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2025-04-19T10:39:20.416Z2025-04-19T10:39:20.416ZS-EPMC94402103605603410.1038/s41598-022-18918-x