biostudies-literatureBibby ACNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)196https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9440504biostudies-literatureUnknown8(1)<h4>Background</h4>Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive thoracic malignancy with a poor prognosis. Systemic immunotherapy is an effective frontline treatment for MPM, and there is a scientific rationale supporting the possible efficacy of local, i.e. intra-pleural immune modulators. Trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy (TILT) investigated the feasibility of performing a randomised trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy in people with MPM, using the trials within cohorts (TwiC) methodology.<h4>Methods</h4>TILT was a multicentre, three-armed, randomised, feasibility TwiC of intra-pleural OK432, BCG, or usual care in people with MPM. Eligible participants were identified from within the ASSESS-meso study, a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort stuPilot and feasibility studiesA trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (TILT) - a randomised feasibility study using the trial within a cohort (TwiC) methodology.PMC9440504DRF-2016-09-065Harvey JERahman NMFallon JEGooberman-Hill RBibby ACKeenan EDay HZahan-Evans NMaskell NAComins CfalseA trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (TILT) - a randomised feasibility study using the trial within a cohort (TwiC) methodology.<h4>Background</h4>Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive thoracic malignancy with a poor prognosis. Systemic immunotherapy is an effective frontline treatment for MPM, and there is a scientific rationale supporting the possible efficacy of local, i.e. intra-pleural immune modulators. Trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy (TILT) investigated the feasibility of performing a randomised trial of intra-pleural bacterial immunotherapy in people with MPM, using the trials within cohorts (TwiC) methodology.<h4>Methods</h4>TILT was a multicentre, three-armed, randomised, feasibility TwiC of intra-pleural OK432, BCG, or usual care in people with MPM. Eligible participants were identified from within the ASSESS-meso study, a prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort stu2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2026-05-28T00:57:04.802Z2024-11-19T22:24:36.075ZS-EPMC94405043605763410.1186/s40814-022-01156-3