{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["74(4)"],"submitter":["Hygriv Rao B"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Objectives</h4>In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients the focus is on major conventional risk factors - CRF [diabetes, hypertension, elevated low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and smoking] whereas others - specific metabolic risk factors - MRF [high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and triglycerides, and HbA1c get less attention.<h4>Methods</h4>This is a prospective case-control observational study from 15 tertiary care hospitals in India. CRF and MRF in patients presenting with first incidence of ACS (n = 2153) were compared with matched controls (n = 1210).<h4>Results</h4>Propensity score matching (PSM) yielded 1193 cases and matched 1210 controls. Risk factor prevalence in cases vs. controls were CRF: hypertension - 39.4% vs 16.4% (p < 0.0001), diabetes - 42.6% vs 12.7% (p < 0.0001), smoking - 28.3% vs 9.3% (p < 0.0001) and elevated LDL-C - 70.2% vs 57.9% (p < 0.0001). MRF: High BMI - 54.7% vs 55.1% (p = 0.84), increased waist: hip ratio 79.5% vs 63.6% (p < 0.0001), high HbA1c - 37.8% vs 14.9% (p < 0.0001), low HDL-C - 56.2% vs 42.8% (p < 0.0001) and elevated triglycerides - 49.7% vs 44.2% (p = 0.007). Adjusted Odds ratios by multivariate analysis were CRF: hypertension - 2.3 (p < 0.001), diabetes - 4.7 (p < 0.001), high LDL-C - 3.3 (p < 0.001) and smoking- 6.3 (p < 0.001). MRF: High waist: hip ratio - 2.4 (p < 0.001) high HbA1c - 3.2 (p < 0.001), low HDL-C 2.2 (p < 0.001) and elevated triglycerides - 0.878 p = 0.17.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In India, the risk of ACS conferred by specific metabolic risk factors (High waist: hip ratio, Low HDL-C and High HbA1c) is comparable to that caused by CRF."],"journal":["Indian heart journal"],"pagination":["275-281"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9453050"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Metabolic risk factors in first acute coronary syndrome (MERIFACS) Study."],"pmcid":["PMC9453050"],"pubmed_authors":["Patel P","Abdullakutty J","Annaji Rao B","Shivakumar Y","Rama Raju NS","Hygriv Rao B","Korabathina R","Srinivasa Raju CS","Azam MS","Krishnam Raju P","Raj JP"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Metabolic risk factors in first acute coronary syndrome (MERIFACS) Study.","description":"<h4>Objectives</h4>In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients the focus is on major conventional risk factors - CRF [diabetes, hypertension, elevated low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and smoking] whereas others - specific metabolic risk factors - MRF [high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body-mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and triglycerides, and HbA1c get less attention.<h4>Methods</h4>This is a prospective case-control observational study from 15 tertiary care hospitals in India. CRF and MRF in patients presenting with first incidence of ACS (n = 2153) were compared with matched controls (n = 1210).<h4>Results</h4>Propensity score matching (PSM) yielded 1193 cases and matched 1210 controls. Risk factor prevalence in cases vs. controls were CRF: hypertension - 39.4% vs 16.4% (p < 0.0001), diabetes - 42.6% vs 12.7% (p < 0.0001), smoking - 28.3% vs 9.3% (p < 0.0001) and elevated LDL-C - 70.2% vs 57.9% (p < 0.0001). MRF: High BMI - 54.7% vs 55.1% (p = 0.84), increased waist: hip ratio 79.5% vs 63.6% (p < 0.0001), high HbA1c - 37.8% vs 14.9% (p < 0.0001), low HDL-C - 56.2% vs 42.8% (p < 0.0001) and elevated triglycerides - 49.7% vs 44.2% (p = 0.007). Adjusted Odds ratios by multivariate analysis were CRF: hypertension - 2.3 (p < 0.001), diabetes - 4.7 (p < 0.001), high LDL-C - 3.3 (p < 0.001) and smoking- 6.3 (p < 0.001). MRF: High waist: hip ratio - 2.4 (p < 0.001) high HbA1c - 3.2 (p < 0.001), low HDL-C 2.2 (p < 0.001) and elevated triglycerides - 0.878 p = 0.17.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In India, the risk of ACS conferred by specific metabolic risk factors (High waist: hip ratio, Low HDL-C and High HbA1c) is comparable to that caused by CRF.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Jul-Aug","modification":"2025-04-04T07:15:31.232Z","creation":"2025-04-04T07:15:31.232Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9453050","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35931204"],"doi":["10.1016/j.ihj.2022.07.002"]}}