biostudies-literatureNeedham EJNIHR Cambridge Biomedical CentreBrain Research UKEuropean Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR)RosetreesWellcome TrustAcademy of Medical Sciences4097-4107https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9494359biostudies-literatureUnknown145(11)COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demoBrain : a journal of neurologyBrain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses.PMC9494359MR/R005036/1ACF-2022-26-005NIHR200256NIHR201395AMS-CSF4-NewcombeCOV-LT2-0004090382/Z/09/ZMR/V03605X/1M957104079/Z/14/ZMR/V007181/1720931CL-2018-14-001ACF-2009-14-007MR/V007173/1NF-SI-0513-10051MR/T028750/1681712COVID-19-RECPLAS201819-20MC_G0802534Samanta RJAllison JStark HAnwar FPascuale CPhelan IRossi STaylor JOcaya CChristmas DCossetti CHinch APublico CBradley JRJosipovic MPerales MPerera MWalker NHall GFahey CHein SCalder JIvers TIrani SRYakovleva AEpping MAshton NJDougan GMescia FLaurenti EAnsaripour AClapham-Riley DSummers CGeorgana IYarkoni NSMatara CHosmillo MCurran MJones EGeorge AJones HZerrudo CYAJBhatti JJubb AWCruz ILyons PAHamilton WTurner LMcMahon CRen ALParmar SLinger RLehner PJRowe JBParaschiv RZiegenweidt JVGray JJose SBermperi ABergamaschi LWorsley JMarsden JPinckert MBullman BRuffolo VSithole NWeekes MPPapadia SZetterberg HCavanagh JBullmore ETCaller LBiggs HSaunders CWilliams GBSambrook JDunai CJarvis IRanganath VStamatakis EATordesillas HSharma REden ALi EAlvio GColes AJGupta RKTownsend PJesus RLewis DSpencer SNorton EJCanna LBong SHGresley ELBrookes KChaudhry YHewitt SRowlands JDempsey KToshner MDigby RJDoffinger RJackson SThaventhiran JEDKasanicki MMeloy SO'Donnell CMende NShih JMwaura LHarris JFurlong APointon LDunmore BJChatfield DANewcombe VFJHouldcroft CO'Brien CPatterson CEbrahimi SWilson NKChinnery PPolwarth GStefanucci LKennet JStefano GDMartin JDomingo JHuhn OHunter KChandler MLupson VCOmarjee OChinnery PFSa AMoulton AManktelow AEFawke SGleadall NKourampa JMichell ARichoz NMarioni JCGraf SGisslen MSutcliffe RColes JPDunning JGriffiths MJMeadows ABunclark KCaddy SSelvan MBurnstein RMMuldoon FVargas PPrice JTaussig MJTong ZKingston NFernandez CWood JNice FCITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource CollaborationBaker SFonseca CMackay MValerio FPolgarova PHess CHuang CCorreia MMeredith LStephens JRastall RSpindler LRBGrenfell RWatson LMendoza VHodgson JMichael ABie EMDDSmith KGCCaputo DStrezlecki MCambridge NeuroCOVID GroupRodgers CTTaams LSHolmes ETreacy CElmer AFletcher PCButcher HWylot MTilly TWebster JBreen GRibeiro CLeibowitz MMPenkett CAllinson KOpenshaw PJMRua CMichel RBower GOwehand WHNeedham EJOuttrim JGSchon KWidmer BDas TKing YDewhurst ERomashova VOkecha GFeltwell TPond NCrucusio CBetancourt ALegchenko EStirrups KEKhokhar FMenon DKMarklund EJahun AGoodfellow IGCambridge NIHR Clinical Research FacilityBucke AMichael BDOvington NDean AMFuller SVergese BCooper DCoudert JDMatheson NJBarcenas-Morales GGraves BfalseBrain injury in COVID-19 is associated with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses.COVID-19 is associated with neurological complications including stroke, delirium and encephalitis. Furthermore, a post-viral syndrome dominated by neuropsychiatric symptoms is common, and is seemingly unrelated to COVID-19 severity. The true frequency and underlying mechanisms of neurological injury are unknown, but exaggerated host inflammatory responses appear to be a key driver of COVID-19 severity. We investigated the dynamics of, and relationship between, serum markers of brain injury [neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and total tau] and markers of dysregulated host response (autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) in 175 patients admitted with COVID-19 and 45 patients with influenza. During hospitalization, sera from patients with COVID-19 demo2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2026-06-18T07:02:17.852Z2025-04-07T09:57:33.429ZS-EPMC94943593606511610.1093/brain/awac321