biostudies-literatureChen CGuangdong Marine Economy Development Special ProjectNational Natural Science Foundation of China583https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9502265biostudies-literatureUnknown20(9)Four new polyketide compounds, including two new unique isocoumarins penicillol A (<b>1</b>) and penicillol B (<b>2</b>) featuring with spiroketal rings, two new citreoviridin derivatives citreoviridin H (<b>3</b>) and citreoviridin I (<b>4</b>), along with four known analogues were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. BJR-P2. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of compounds <b>1</b>-<b>4</b> based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, DP4+ analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction are presented. All the new compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. An anti-inflammatory assay indicated that compound <b>2</b> inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 12 μM, being more potent than the positive control, indomethacin (IC₅₀ = 35.8 ± 5.7 μM). Docking study showed that compound <b>2</b> was perfectly docking into the active site of murine inducible nitric oxide oxygenase (iNOS) via forming multiple typical hydrogen bonds.Marine drugsNew Polyketides from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. BJR-P2 and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity.PMC9502265No. 4187615341876153No. GDNRC [2022]35Tang JLi JWu LLong YYe GChen CLiu WfalseNew Polyketides from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. BJR-P2 and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity.Four new polyketide compounds, including two new unique isocoumarins penicillol A (<b>1</b>) and penicillol B (<b>2</b>) featuring with spiroketal rings, two new citreoviridin derivatives citreoviridin H (<b>3</b>) and citreoviridin I (<b>4</b>), along with four known analogues were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus <i>Penicillium</i> sp. BJR-P2. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of compounds <b>1</b>-<b>4</b> based on electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, DP4+ analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction are presented. All the new compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. An anti-inflammatory assay indicated that compound <b>2</b> inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 12 μM, being more potent than the positive control, indomethacin (IC₅₀ = 35.8 ± 5.7 μM). Docking study showed that compound <b>2</b> was perfectly docking into the active site of murine inducible nitric oxide oxygenase (iNOS) via forming multiple typical hydrogen bonds.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2026-04-08T11:48:46.336Z2025-02-19T00:44:27.407ZS-EPMC95022653613577210.3390/md20090583