biostudies-literatureWang TU.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)5584https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9508253biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Energy metabolism and membraneless organelles have been implicated in human diseases including neurodegeneration. How energy deficiency regulates ribonucleoprotein particles such as stress granules (SGs) is still unclear. Here we identified a unique type of granules induced by energy deficiency under physiological conditions and uncovered the mechanisms by which the dynamics of diverse stress-induced granules are regulated. Severe energy deficiency induced the rapid formation of energy deficiency-induced stress granules (eSGs) independently of eIF2α phosphorylation, whereas moderate energy deficiency delayed the clearance of conventional SGs. The formation of eSGs or the clearance of SGs was regulated by the mTOR-4EBP1-eIF4E pathway or eIF4A1, involving assembly of the eIF4F complex or RNANature communicationsIntracellular energy controls dynamics of stress-induced ribonucleoprotein granules.PMC9508253NS110098NS128494NS074324NS089616S10OD021844Huang ZNa CHTian XWang TJang YWang JKim HBfalseIntracellular energy controls dynamics of stress-induced ribonucleoprotein granules.Energy metabolism and membraneless organelles have been implicated in human diseases including neurodegeneration. How energy deficiency regulates ribonucleoprotein particles such as stress granules (SGs) is still unclear. Here we identified a unique type of granules induced by energy deficiency under physiological conditions and uncovered the mechanisms by which the dynamics of diverse stress-induced granules are regulated. Severe energy deficiency induced the rapid formation of energy deficiency-induced stress granules (eSGs) independently of eIF2α phosphorylation, whereas moderate energy deficiency delayed the clearance of conventional SGs. The formation of eSGs or the clearance of SGs was regulated by the mTOR-4EBP1-eIF4E pathway or eIF4A1, involving assembly of the eIF4F complex or RNA2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2025-04-05T10:08:47.108Z2025-02-19T00:42:14.902ZS-EPMC95082533615108310.1038/s41467-022-33079-1