biostudies-literatureUnknown13Reshamwala KIn contrast to the virulent human skin commensal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, which secretes a plethora of toxins, other staphylococci have much reduced virulence. In these species, commonly the only toxins are those of the phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) family. PSMs are species-specific and have only been characterized in a limited number of species. <i>S. xylosus</i> is a usually innocuous commensal on the skin of mice and other mammals. Prompted by reports on the involvement of PSMs in atopic dermatitis (AD) and the isolation of <i>S. xylosus</i> from mice with AD-like symptoms, we here identified and characterized PSMs of <i>S. xylosus</i> with a focus on a potential involvement in AD phenotypes. We found that most clinical <i>S. xylosus</i> strains produce two PSMs, one of the shorter Frontiers in immunology999201https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9520458biostudies-literatureIdentification and characterization of the pathogenic potential of phenol-soluble modulin toxins in the mouse commensal <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>.PMC9520458Gozalo ASReshamwala KZheng YJoo HSVillaruz AEBae JSNguyen THCheung GYCLiu RElkins WROtto MHsieh RCfalseIdentification and characterization of the pathogenic potential of phenol-soluble modulin toxins in the mouse commensal <i>Staphylococcus xylosus</i>.In contrast to the virulent human skin commensal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, which secretes a plethora of toxins, other staphylococci have much reduced virulence. In these species, commonly the only toxins are those of the phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) family. PSMs are species-specific and have only been characterized in a limited number of species. <i>S. xylosus</i> is a usually innocuous commensal on the skin of mice and other mammals. Prompted by reports on the involvement of PSMs in atopic dermatitis (AD) and the isolation of <i>S. xylosus</i> from mice with AD-like symptoms, we here identified and characterized PSMs of <i>S. xylosus</i> with a focus on a potential involvement in AD phenotypes. We found that most clinical <i>S. xylosus</i> strains produce two PSMs, one of the shorter 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-18T16:17:46.027Z2025-04-07T03:22:46.439ZS-EPMC95204583618920010.3389/fimmu.2022.999201