biostudies-literatureDaly KGEuropean Research CouncilScience Foundation IrelandBaylor UniversityUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hille82984https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9529249biostudies-literatureUnknown11Direkli Cave, located in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey, was occupied by Late Epipaleolithic hunters-gatherers for the seasonal hunting and processing of game including large numbers of wild goats. We report genomic data from new and published <i>Capra</i> specimens from Direkli Cave and, supplemented with historic genomes from multiple <i>Capra</i> species, find a novel lineage best represented by a ~14,000 year old 2.59 X genome sequenced from specimen Direkli4. This newly discovered <i>Capra</i> lineage is a sister clade to the Caucasian tur species (<i>Capra cylindricornis</i> and <i>Capra caucasica</i>), both now limited to the Caucasus region. We identify genomic regions introgressed in domestic goats with high affinity to Direkli4, and find that West Eurasian domestic goatseLifeA novel lineage of the <i>Capra</i> genus discovered in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey using ancient genomics.PMC952924921/PATH-S/9515Office of Vice Provost for Research grants885729URC grant from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research295375-Persia885729-AncestralWeave295729-CodeX295375295729Lawlor PAErek CMSauer EDaly KGMattiangeli VAtici LMashkour MRossi CArbuckle BSBradley DGLesur JfalseA novel lineage of the <i>Capra</i> genus discovered in the Taurus Mountains of Turkey using ancient genomics.Direkli Cave, located in the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey, was occupied by Late Epipaleolithic hunters-gatherers for the seasonal hunting and processing of game including large numbers of wild goats. We report genomic data from new and published <i>Capra</i> specimens from Direkli Cave and, supplemented with historic genomes from multiple <i>Capra</i> species, find a novel lineage best represented by a ~14,000 year old 2.59 X genome sequenced from specimen Direkli4. This newly discovered <i>Capra</i> lineage is a sister clade to the Caucasian tur species (<i>Capra cylindricornis</i> and <i>Capra caucasica</i>), both now limited to the Caucasus region. We identify genomic regions introgressed in domestic goats with high affinity to Direkli4, and find that West Eurasian domestic goats2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2026-05-31T17:04:36.251Z2024-11-07T03:09:59.567ZS-EPMC95292493619076110.7554/eLife.82984