biostudies-literatureZhang TNational Health and Medical Research Council of AustraliaAustralian Research Council781-802https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9532183biostudies-literatureUnknown46(5)<h4>Background</h4>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with cognitive decline and brain structural changes. This study systematically reviews and estimates human brain volumetric differences and atrophy associated with T2DM.<h4>Methods</h4>PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library were searched for brain imaging studies reporting on brain volume differences between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Data were examined using meta-analysis, and association between age, sex, diabetes characteristics and brain volumes were tested using meta-regression.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 14,605 entries were identified; after title, abstract and full-text screening applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 studies were included and 42 studies with compatible data contributeDiabetes & metabolism journalAssociation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis.PMC95321831301017051201002271063907Shaw MZhang TCherbuin NfalseAssociation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Brain Atrophy: A Meta-Analysis.<h4>Background</h4>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with cognitive decline and brain structural changes. This study systematically reviews and estimates human brain volumetric differences and atrophy associated with T2DM.<h4>Methods</h4>PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library were searched for brain imaging studies reporting on brain volume differences between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. Data were examined using meta-analysis, and association between age, sex, diabetes characteristics and brain volumes were tested using meta-regression.<h4>Results</h4>A total of 14,605 entries were identified; after title, abstract and full-text screening applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 studies were included and 42 studies with compatible data contribute2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Sep2025-04-04T23:20:38.921Z2025-04-04T23:20:38.921ZS-EPMC95321833525554910.4093/dmj.2021.0189