biostudies-literatureHawes CENational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNIH HHS250https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9535930biostudies-literatureUnknown19(1)<h4>Background</h4>Immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) is vital to resolve infection and injury. However, immune activation within the CNS in the setting of chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, is strongly linked to progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Establishment of HIV-1 in the CNS early following infection underscores the need to delineate features of acute CNS immune activation, as these early inflammatory events may mediate neurodegenerative processes. Here, we focused on elucidating molecular programs of neuroinflammation in brain regions based on vulnerability to neuroAIDS and/or neurocognitive decline. To this end, we assessed transcriptional profiles within the subcortical white matter of the pre-frontal cortex (PFCw), as well as synapse deJournal of neuroinflammationNeuroinflammatory transcriptional programs induced in rhesus pre-frontal cortex white matter during acute SHIV infection.PMC9535930T32AI0605551R21AI143454P51 OD011107Hawes CEDiniz GBGompers AIyer SSDurbin-Johnson BPDinasarapu ARMorrison JHShaan Lakshmanappa YBeckman DElizaldi SROtt SfalseNeuroinflammatory transcriptional programs induced in rhesus pre-frontal cortex white matter during acute SHIV infection.<h4>Background</h4>Immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) is vital to resolve infection and injury. However, immune activation within the CNS in the setting of chronic viral infections, such as HIV-1, is strongly linked to progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Establishment of HIV-1 in the CNS early following infection underscores the need to delineate features of acute CNS immune activation, as these early inflammatory events may mediate neurodegenerative processes. Here, we focused on elucidating molecular programs of neuroinflammation in brain regions based on vulnerability to neuroAIDS and/or neurocognitive decline. To this end, we assessed transcriptional profiles within the subcortical white matter of the pre-frontal cortex (PFCw), as well as synapse de2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-04T22:36:18.365Z2025-02-19T00:27:37.509ZS-EPMC95359303620318710.1186/s12974-022-02610-y