biostudies-literatureUnknown13Zhang Q<h4>Introduction</h4>Lung cancer ranks the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This retrospective cohort study was designed to determine time-dependent death hazards of diverse causes and conditional survival of lung cancer.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected 816,436 lung cancer cases during 2000-2015 in the SEER database, after exclusion, 612,100 cases were enrolled for data analyses. Cancer-specific survival, overall survival and dynamic death hazard were assessed in this study. Additionally, based on the FDA approval time of Nivolumab in 2015, we evaluated the effect of immunotherapy on metastatic patients' survival by comparing cases in 2016-2018 (immunotherapy era, n=7135) and those in 2013-2016 (non-immunotherapy era, n=42061).<h4>Results</h4>Of the 612,100 patients, 285,705 weFrontiers in immunology1012247https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9537558biostudies-literatureCauses of death and conditional survival estimates of long-term lung cancer survivors.PMC9537558Liu HXie WHuang YDai SSun WGong ZZhang QDai YKong HfalseCauses of death and conditional survival estimates of long-term lung cancer survivors.<h4>Introduction</h4>Lung cancer ranks the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This retrospective cohort study was designed to determine time-dependent death hazards of diverse causes and conditional survival of lung cancer.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected 816,436 lung cancer cases during 2000-2015 in the SEER database, after exclusion, 612,100 cases were enrolled for data analyses. Cancer-specific survival, overall survival and dynamic death hazard were assessed in this study. Additionally, based on the FDA approval time of Nivolumab in 2015, we evaluated the effect of immunotherapy on metastatic patients' survival by comparing cases in 2016-2018 (immunotherapy era, n=7135) and those in 2013-2016 (non-immunotherapy era, n=42061).<h4>Results</h4>Of the 612,100 patients, 285,705 we2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-04T14:34:01.948Z2025-04-04T14:34:01.948ZS-EPMC95375583621142010.3389/fimmu.2022.1012247