{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Cubillos-Pinilla L"],"funding":["H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions"],"pagination":["e0274837"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9544015"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["17(10)"],"pubmed_abstract":["While some individuals tend to follow norms, others, in the face of tempting but forbidden options, tend to commit rule-breaking when this action is beneficial for themselves. Previous studies have neglected such interindividual differences in rule-breaking. The present study fills this gap by investigating cognitive characteristics of individuals who commit spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking (rule-breakers) versus rule-followers. We developed a computerised task, in which 133 participants were incentivised to sometimes violate set rules which would-if followed-lead to a loss. While 52% of participants tended to break rules to obtain a benefit, 48% tended to follow rules even if this behaviour led to loss. Although rule-breakers experienced significantly more cognitive conflict (measured via response times and mouse movement trajectories) than rule-followers, they also obtained higher payoffs. In rule-breakers, cognitive conflict was more pronounced when violating the rules than when following them, and mainly during action planning. This conflict increased with frequent, recurrent, and early rule-breaking. Our results were in line with the Decision-Implementation-Mandatory switch-Inhibition model and thus extend the application of this model to the interindividual differences in rule-breaking. Furthermore, personality traits such as extroversion, disagreeableness, risk propensity, high impulsiveness seem to play a role in the appreciation of behaviours and cognitive characteristics of rule-followers and rule-breakers. This study opens the path towards the understanding of the cognitive characteristics of the interindividual differences in responses towards rules, and especially in spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking."],"journal":["PloS one"],"pubmed_title":["Taking the chance!-Interindividual differences in rule-breaking."],"pmcid":["PMC9544015"],"funding_grant_id":["H2020-MSCA-IF-2017"],"pubmed_authors":["Emmerling F","Cubillos-Pinilla L"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Taking the chance!-Interindividual differences in rule-breaking.","description":"While some individuals tend to follow norms, others, in the face of tempting but forbidden options, tend to commit rule-breaking when this action is beneficial for themselves. Previous studies have neglected such interindividual differences in rule-breaking. The present study fills this gap by investigating cognitive characteristics of individuals who commit spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking (rule-breakers) versus rule-followers. We developed a computerised task, in which 133 participants were incentivised to sometimes violate set rules which would-if followed-lead to a loss. While 52% of participants tended to break rules to obtain a benefit, 48% tended to follow rules even if this behaviour led to loss. Although rule-breakers experienced significantly more cognitive conflict (measured via response times and mouse movement trajectories) than rule-followers, they also obtained higher payoffs. In rule-breakers, cognitive conflict was more pronounced when violating the rules than when following them, and mainly during action planning. This conflict increased with frequent, recurrent, and early rule-breaking. Our results were in line with the Decision-Implementation-Mandatory switch-Inhibition model and thus extend the application of this model to the interindividual differences in rule-breaking. Furthermore, personality traits such as extroversion, disagreeableness, risk propensity, high impulsiveness seem to play a role in the appreciation of behaviours and cognitive characteristics of rule-followers and rule-breakers. This study opens the path towards the understanding of the cognitive characteristics of the interindividual differences in responses towards rules, and especially in spontaneous deliberative rule-breaking.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022","modification":"2025-04-04T14:34:15.647Z","creation":"2025-04-04T14:34:15.647Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9544015","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36206253"],"doi":["10.1371/journal.pone.0274837"]}}