biostudies-literatureUnknown237(8)Guo JK. C. Wong Education FoundationStrategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic ResearchLittle is known about the complex molecular and cellular events occurring during implantation, which represents a critical step for pregnancy. The conventional 2D culture could not support postimplantation embryos' normal development, and 3D conditions shed light into the "black box". 3D printing technology has been widely used in recapitulating the structure and function of native tissues in vitro. Here, we 3D printed anisotropic microporous scaffolds to culture embryos by manipulating the advancing angle between printed layers, which affected embryo development. The 30° and 60° scaffolds promote embryo development with moderate embryo-scaffold attachments. T-positive cells and FOXA2-positive cells were observed to appear in the posterior region of the embryo and migrated to the anterior Journal of cellular physiology3408-3420https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9545995biostudies-literature3D printed controllable microporous scaffolds support embryonic development in vitro.PMC9545995Zhou LLi YGuo JLyu JGao ZGu QLiu WDuan Yfalse3D printed controllable microporous scaffolds support embryonic development in vitro.Little is known about the complex molecular and cellular events occurring during implantation, which represents a critical step for pregnancy. The conventional 2D culture could not support postimplantation embryos' normal development, and 3D conditions shed light into the "black box". 3D printing technology has been widely used in recapitulating the structure and function of native tissues in vitro. Here, we 3D printed anisotropic microporous scaffolds to culture embryos by manipulating the advancing angle between printed layers, which affected embryo development. The 30° and 60° scaffolds promote embryo development with moderate embryo-scaffold attachments. T-positive cells and FOXA2-positive cells were observed to appear in the posterior region of the embryo and migrated to the anterior 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Aug2025-04-19T04:49:30.347Z2025-04-19T04:49:30.347ZS-EPMC95459953569964810.1002/jcp.30810