biostudies-literatureLad ADCooperative Research Program of Network Joint Research Center for Materials and DevicesJSPS Asian Core Research and Education programmeJ. C. Bose Fellowship grant, Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of IndiaGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, NSFCGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, type CGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, type SScience Challenge ProjectNanotechnology Platform Project (Nanotechnology Open Facilities in Osaka University) of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan16818https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9546899biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Bright, energetic, and directional electron bunches are generated through efficient energy transfer of relativistic intense (~ 10¹⁹ W/cm²), 30 femtosecond, 800 nm high contrast laser pulses to grating targets (500 lines/mm and 1000 lines/mm), under surface plasmon resonance (SPR) conditions. Bi-directional relativistic electron bunches (at 40° and 150°) are observed exiting from the 500 lines/mm grating target at the SPR conditions. The surface plasmon excited grating target enhances the electron flux and temperature by factor of 6.0 and 3.6, respectively, compared to that of the plane substrate. Particle-in-Cell simulations indicate that fast electrons are emitted in different directions at different stages of the laser interaction, which are related to the resultantScientific reportsLuminous, relativistic, directional electron bunches from an intense laser driven grating plasma.PMC954689918K03577TZ20180052019120715H05751F-19-OS-001711991074, 11905129ASHULAJBR/2020/000039Chatterjee GLad ADSingh PKKrishnamurthy MBrijesh PDalui MChen MInoue MTata STrivikram MSheng ZMTanaka KAKumar GRJha JMishima YAdak AHabara HLi BfalseLuminous, relativistic, directional electron bunches from an intense laser driven grating plasma.Bright, energetic, and directional electron bunches are generated through efficient energy transfer of relativistic intense (~ 10¹⁹ W/cm²), 30 femtosecond, 800 nm high contrast laser pulses to grating targets (500 lines/mm and 1000 lines/mm), under surface plasmon resonance (SPR) conditions. Bi-directional relativistic electron bunches (at 40° and 150°) are observed exiting from the 500 lines/mm grating target at the SPR conditions. The surface plasmon excited grating target enhances the electron flux and temperature by factor of 6.0 and 3.6, respectively, compared to that of the plane substrate. Particle-in-Cell simulations indicate that fast electrons are emitted in different directions at different stages of the laser interaction, which are related to the resultant2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-25T17:37:07.162Z2025-04-25T17:37:07.162ZS-EPMC95468993620738310.1038/s41598-022-21210-7