biostudies-literatureMeng LScience and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong ProvinceVetenskapsrådetSun Yat-sen UniversitySpecial Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong ProvinceKarolinska Institute348https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9555073biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)<h4>Background</h4>Cervical insufficiency is one of the underlying causes of late miscarriage and preterm birth. Although many risk factors have been identified, the relative magnitude of their association with risk in nulliparous versus parous women has not been well demonstrated, especially for incident cervical insufficiency (ICI). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the magnitude of the association of ICI with predictive factors in nulliparous and parous women, and to further investigate various aspects of obstetric history for parous women.<h4>Methods</h4>Pregnant women with a first diagnosis of cervical insufficiency were compared to a random sample of control pregnancies from women with no diagnosis by using Swedish national health registers. Demographic, reproductiBMC medicineIdentification of risk factors for incident cervical insufficiency in nulliparous and parous women: a population-based case-control study.PMC95550732016-022872018A03031373720120062017A030310209Oberg SWang CReilly MMeng LSandstrom AfalseIdentification of risk factors for incident cervical insufficiency in nulliparous and parous women: a population-based case-control study.<h4>Background</h4>Cervical insufficiency is one of the underlying causes of late miscarriage and preterm birth. Although many risk factors have been identified, the relative magnitude of their association with risk in nulliparous versus parous women has not been well demonstrated, especially for incident cervical insufficiency (ICI). The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the magnitude of the association of ICI with predictive factors in nulliparous and parous women, and to further investigate various aspects of obstetric history for parous women.<h4>Methods</h4>Pregnant women with a first diagnosis of cervical insufficiency were compared to a random sample of control pregnancies from women with no diagnosis by using Swedish national health registers. Demographic, reproducti2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-18T19:02:45.422Z2025-02-19T01:56:34.728ZS-EPMC95550733622113210.1186/s12916-022-02542-7