biostudies-literatureYoshida YNational Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Healththe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &amp; Human Development of the Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (BIRCWH) Scholarthe Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) ScholarNIGMS NIH HHS784https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9555705biostudies-literatureUnknown22(1)<h4>Objective</h4>The impact of comorbidities and biomarkers on COVID-19 severity vary by sex but have not yet been verified in population-based studies. We examined the association of comorbidities, inflammatory biomarkers, and severe outcomes in men and women hospitalized for COVID-19.<h4>Design</h4>This is a retrospective cohort analysis based on the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). We included 574,391 adult patients admitted for COVID-19 at hospitals or emergency rooms between 01/01/2020 and 12/31/2021.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined comorbidities at or before the first admission for COVID-19 by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and CCI components. We used the averaged lab values taken within 15 days before or after the admission date to measure biomarkers including c-reactive protBMC infectious diseasesSex differences in determinants of COVID-19 severe outcomes - findings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).PMC9555705U54 GM104940K12HD043451Denson JLMiele LMauvais-Jarvis FChu SYoshida YFox SLovre DZu YfalseSex differences in determinants of COVID-19 severe outcomes - findings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C).<h4>Objective</h4>The impact of comorbidities and biomarkers on COVID-19 severity vary by sex but have not yet been verified in population-based studies. We examined the association of comorbidities, inflammatory biomarkers, and severe outcomes in men and women hospitalized for COVID-19.<h4>Design</h4>This is a retrospective cohort analysis based on the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). We included 574,391 adult patients admitted for COVID-19 at hospitals or emergency rooms between 01/01/2020 and 12/31/2021.<h4>Methods</h4>We defined comorbidities at or before the first admission for COVID-19 by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and CCI components. We used the averaged lab values taken within 15 days before or after the admission date to measure biomarkers including c-reactive prot2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-04T22:35:48.478Z2025-04-04T22:35:48.478ZS-EPMC95557053622455110.1186/s12879-022-07776-7