biostudies-literatureCai YNCI/NIHAmerican Cancer Society Research Scholar GrantNIHNIH HHS61https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9590160biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)<h4>Background</h4>Bile acids are known to be genotoxic and contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the link between CRC tumor bile acids to tumor location, patient sex, microbiome, immune-regulatory cells, and prognosis is not clear.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted bile acid analysis using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on tumor tissues from CRC patients (n = 228) with survival analysis. We performed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) on tumors to examine immune cells.<h4>Results</h4>Twelve of the bile acids were significantly higher in right-sided colon tumors compared to left-sided colon tumors. Furthermore, in male patients, right-sided colon tumors had elevated secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid) compared to Biology of sex differencesBile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer.PMC95901601R21CA223686-01134273-RSG-20-065-01-TBEK12CA215110R01CA256530Rattray ZJohnson CHHuang HGaule PPaty PBMuca EKhan SALu LRattray NJWZhang YLu JCai YTheriot CMAhuja NShen XYan HfalseBile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer.<h4>Background</h4>Bile acids are known to be genotoxic and contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the link between CRC tumor bile acids to tumor location, patient sex, microbiome, immune-regulatory cells, and prognosis is not clear.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted bile acid analysis using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on tumor tissues from CRC patients (n = 228) with survival analysis. We performed quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) on tumors to examine immune cells.<h4>Results</h4>Twelve of the bile acids were significantly higher in right-sided colon tumors compared to left-sided colon tumors. Furthermore, in male patients, right-sided colon tumors had elevated secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid) compared to 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-04T23:19:38.315Z2025-04-04T23:19:38.315ZS-EPMC95901603627415410.1186/s13293-022-00473-9