biostudies-literatureHu Xthe 2017 Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS) Nutrition Research Foundation-DSM Research Fundthe Basic Scientific Research Program of Wenzhou Medical University, ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaTseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taiwan, and Katsuzo and Kiyo Aoshima Memorial Funds, JapanChina Medical University Hospital, Academia Sinica Stroke Biosignature Projectthe Ministry of Health and Welfare, TaiwanMOST Clinical Trial Consortium for StrokeThe PhD Programs Foundation of Wenzhou Medical University, China1645https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9605069biostudies-literatureUnknown12(10)We aimed to investigate the association between either or both of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and non-BZDs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The participants with at least two prescriptions of BZDs and/or non-BZDs were identified as hypnotics users, whereas those without any prescription of hypnotics were non-hypnotics users. The hypnotics and non-hypnotics cohorts were 1:1 matched on their propensity scores. A total of 109,704 AF-free individuals were included; 610 AF cases occurred in the 54,852 hypnotics users and 166 in the 54,852 non-hypnotics users during the 602,470 person-years of follow-up, with a higher risk of new-onset AF in the users than the non-users (hazard ratio (HR): 3.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.04-4.28). The users at the highest tertiles of the estimated defined daily doses per one year (DDD) had a greater risk for AF than the non-users, with the risk increasing by 7.13-fold (95% CI: 5.86-8.67) for >0.74-DDD BZDs, 10.68-fold (95% CI: 6.13-18.62) for >4.72-DDD non-BZDs, and 3.26-fold (95% CI: 2.38-4.47) for > 1.65-DDD combinations of BZDs with non-BZDs, respectively. In conclusion, hypnotics use was associated with elevated incidence of AF in the Taiwanese population, which highlighted that the high-dose usage of hypnotics needs more caution in clinical cardiological practice.Journal of personalized medicineHypnotics Use Is Associated with Elevated Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of Cohort Study.PMC96050692017-008the CMU107-Z-03 & CMU 109-S-55 from China Medical UniversityMOST 108-2321-B-039-00481900737MOHW108-TDU-B-212-13300489217015KYYW202015BM10701010021Zhang XHAdeniran ELin JJLiu YLHu XChen HYYang BGong SQJong GPWang LLin MCfalseHypnotics Use Is Associated with Elevated Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis of Cohort Study.We aimed to investigate the association between either or both of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and non-BZDs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The participants with at least two prescriptions of BZDs and/or non-BZDs were identified as hypnotics users, whereas those without any prescription of hypnotics were non-hypnotics users. The hypnotics and non-hypnotics cohorts were 1:1 matched on their propensity scores. A total of 109,704 AF-free individuals were included; 610 AF cases occurred in the 54,852 hypnotics users and 166 in the 54,852 non-hypnotics users during the 602,470 person-years of follow-up, with a higher risk of new-onset AF in the users than the non-users (hazard ratio (HR): 3.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.04-4.28). The users at the highest tertiles of the estimated defined daily doses per one year (DDD) had a greater risk for AF than the non-users, with the risk increasing by 7.13-fold (95% CI: 5.86-8.67) for >0.74-DDD BZDs, 10.68-fold (95% CI: 6.13-18.62) for >4.72-DDD non-BZDs, and 3.26-fold (95% CI: 2.38-4.47) for > 1.65-DDD combinations of BZDs with non-BZDs, respectively. In conclusion, hypnotics use was associated with elevated incidence of AF in the Taiwanese population, which highlighted that the high-dose usage of hypnotics needs more caution in clinical cardiological practice.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2025-04-18T21:22:31.664Z2025-04-07T09:16:12.504ZS-EPMC96050693629478410.3390/jpm12101645