biostudies-literatureUnknown17Romanowicz GECompromises to collagen and mineral lead to a decrease in whole bone quantity and quality in a variety of systemic diseases, yet, clinically, disease manifestations differ between craniofacial and long bones. Collagen alterations can occur through post-translational modification via lysyl oxidase (LOX), which catalyzes enzymatic collagen cross-link formation, as well as through non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) such as pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Characterization of the cross-links and AGEs, and comparison of the mineral and collagen modifications in craniofacial and long bones represent a critical gap in knowledge. However, alterations to either the mineral or collagen in bone may contribute to disease progression and, subsequently, the anatomical site dBone reports101629https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9618783biostudies-literatureCollagen cross-link profiles and mineral are different between the mandible and femur with site specific response to perturbed collagen.PMC9618783Lynch MKohn DHBielajew BJTerhune AHRomanowicz GEMandair GSSexton BMcNerny EMBfalseCollagen cross-link profiles and mineral are different between the mandible and femur with site specific response to perturbed collagen.Compromises to collagen and mineral lead to a decrease in whole bone quantity and quality in a variety of systemic diseases, yet, clinically, disease manifestations differ between craniofacial and long bones. Collagen alterations can occur through post-translational modification via lysyl oxidase (LOX), which catalyzes enzymatic collagen cross-link formation, as well as through non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) such as pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). Characterization of the cross-links and AGEs, and comparison of the mineral and collagen modifications in craniofacial and long bones represent a critical gap in knowledge. However, alterations to either the mineral or collagen in bone may contribute to disease progression and, subsequently, the anatomical site d2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-05T13:27:30.992Z2025-04-05T13:27:30.992ZS-EPMC96187833632516610.1016/j.bonr.2022.101629