biostudies-literatureLenko RNational Institute of Nursing ResearchNIA NIH HHSNINR NIH HHS1281-1290https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9633341biostudies-literatureUnknown34(9-10)<h4>Objective</h4>To examine advance care planning (ACP) trends among an increasingly diverse aging population, we compared informal and formal ACP use by race/ethnicity among U.S. older adults (≤65 years).<h4>Methods</h4>We used Health and Retirement Study data (2012-2018) to assess relationships between race/ethnicity and ACP type (i.e., no ACP, informal ACP only, formal ACP only, or both ACP types). We reported adjusted risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.<h4>Results</h4>Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) and 1.76 (1.55, 1.99) times as likely, respectively, to report no ACP compared to non-Hispanic White respondents. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 0.74 (0.71, 0.78) and 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) times as likely, respectively, to report using both ACP types as non-Hispanic White respondents.<h4>Discussion</h4>Racial/ethnic differences in ACP persist after controlling for a variety of barriers to and facilitators of ACP which may contribute to disparities in end-of-life care.Journal of aging and healthRacial and Ethnic Differences in Informal and Formal Advance Care Planning Among U.S. Older Adults.PMC9633341T32NR016914-01T32 NR016914K01 AG065420Robinson-Lane SGHoffman GJLenko RVoepel-Lewis TSilveira MJfalseRacial and Ethnic Differences in Informal and Formal Advance Care Planning Among U.S. Older Adults.<h4>Objective</h4>To examine advance care planning (ACP) trends among an increasingly diverse aging population, we compared informal and formal ACP use by race/ethnicity among U.S. older adults (≤65 years).<h4>Methods</h4>We used Health and Retirement Study data (2012-2018) to assess relationships between race/ethnicity and ACP type (i.e., no ACP, informal ACP only, formal ACP only, or both ACP types). We reported adjusted risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals.<h4>Results</h4>Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 1.77 (1.60, 1.96) and 1.76 (1.55, 1.99) times as likely, respectively, to report no ACP compared to non-Hispanic White respondents. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic respondents were 0.74 (0.71, 0.78) and 0.74 (0.69, 0.80) times as likely, respectively, to report using both ACP types as non-Hispanic White respondents.<h4>Discussion</h4>Racial/ethnic differences in ACP persist after controlling for a variety of barriers to and facilitators of ACP which may contribute to disparities in end-of-life care.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-22T13:13:26.211Z2025-04-06T00:36:00.062ZS-EPMC96333413562116310.1177/08982643221104926