biostudies-literatureFernandes APMEuropean Structural and Investment Funds, Portugal 2020, Interface Program and Compete 2020Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia7460https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9656870biostudies-literatureUnknown27(21)Detergent formulations for cleaning a carbonized soil-degreasers-typically comprise surfactants, organic solvents, phosphate-based cleaning agents, and alkaline agents, which results in high pH values (>11) that raise human and environmental risks. It is important to develop eco-friendly and safer degreasers, while maintaining their cleaning efficiency. In this work, simple degreaser formulations, with a pH below 11 and without phosphates, were developed by using a mixture of solvent, surfactant, and water to remove carbonized soil. The efficiency of the new degreaser formulations (with 5 wt% solvent, 5 wt% nonionic or ionic surfactant, and 90 wt% water) was evaluated by an abrasion test in the removal of carbonized soil from ceramic and stainless steel surfaces and compared with a commMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)First Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil.PMC9656870UIDP/50011/2020POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045304LA/P/0006/2020UIDB/50011/2020CEECIND/01975/2017Santos RFernandes APMCoutinho JAPSebastiao MFerreira AMNeves CMSSfalseFirst Stage of the Development of an Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation for Efficient Removal of Carbonized Soil.Detergent formulations for cleaning a carbonized soil-degreasers-typically comprise surfactants, organic solvents, phosphate-based cleaning agents, and alkaline agents, which results in high pH values (>11) that raise human and environmental risks. It is important to develop eco-friendly and safer degreasers, while maintaining their cleaning efficiency. In this work, simple degreaser formulations, with a pH below 11 and without phosphates, were developed by using a mixture of solvent, surfactant, and water to remove carbonized soil. The efficiency of the new degreaser formulations (with 5 wt% solvent, 5 wt% nonionic or ionic surfactant, and 90 wt% water) was evaluated by an abrasion test in the removal of carbonized soil from ceramic and stainless steel surfaces and compared with a comm2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2025-04-22T12:30:12.08Z2025-04-06T00:23:20.83ZS-EPMC96568703636429410.3390/molecules27217460