{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Wall CJ"],"funding":["U.S. Department of Energy","DOC | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","Bundesministerium f&amp;#x00FC;r Bildung und Forschung","National Aeronautics and Space Administration","DOC | NOAA | Climate Program Office"],"pagination":["e2210481119"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9674239"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["119(46)"],"pubmed_abstract":["How clouds respond to anthropogenic sulfate aerosols is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate over the industrial era. This uncertainty limits our ability to predict equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS)-the equilibrium global warming following a doubling of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we use satellite observations to quantify relationships between sulfate aerosols and low-level clouds while carefully controlling for meteorology. We then combine the relationships with estimates of the change in sulfate concentration since about 1850 to constrain the associated radiative forcing. We estimate that the cloud-mediated radiative forcing from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols is [Formula: see text] W m<sup>-2</sup> over the global ocean (95% confidence)"],"journal":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"],"pubmed_title":["Assessing effective radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions over the global ocean."],"pmcid":["PMC9674239"],"funding_grant_id":["80NSSC21K2014","57429624","80NSSC18K1020","NA18NWS4620043B","DE-SC002227","NA20OAR4310387"],"pubmed_authors":["Possner A","Lutsko NJ","McCoy DT","McCoy IL","Wall CJ","Norris JR"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Assessing effective radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions over the global ocean.","description":"How clouds respond to anthropogenic sulfate aerosols is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate over the industrial era. This uncertainty limits our ability to predict equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS)-the equilibrium global warming following a doubling of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we use satellite observations to quantify relationships between sulfate aerosols and low-level clouds while carefully controlling for meteorology. We then combine the relationships with estimates of the change in sulfate concentration since about 1850 to constrain the associated radiative forcing. We estimate that the cloud-mediated radiative forcing from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols is [Formula: see text] W m<sup>-2</sup> over the global ocean (95% confidence)","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Nov","modification":"2025-04-22T18:28:31.554Z","creation":"2025-04-06T02:29:13.49Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9674239","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36343255"],"doi":["10.1073/pnas.2210481119"]}}