biostudies-literatureUnknown32(11)Suzuki S<b><i>Background:</i></b> We previously found low thyrotropin (TSH) levels in children and adolescents with thyroid nodules, including papillary thyroid cancer, although it is generally accepted that high TSH levels are a risk factor for formation and growth of thyroid nodules in adults. To clarify the reasons for the discrepancy, we precisely analyzed the features of pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) actions in children and adolescents with or without nodules at different ages. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Among the 4955 participants who participated in a second screening by thyroid ultrasound examination in the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 721 and 2849 euthyroid participants aged 6-20 years without or with nodules, including thyroid cancer, were selected for evaluation of TH regulation. ThThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association1316-1327https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9700379biostudies-literaturePossible Association Between Thyroid Nodule Formation and Developmental Alterations in the Pituitary-Thyroid Hormone Axis in Children and Adolescents: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.PMC9700379Kamiya KSuzuki SOhira TYokoya SOhto HIwadate MMatsuzuka TYasumura SFuruya FShimura HfalsePossible Association Between Thyroid Nodule Formation and Developmental Alterations in the Pituitary-Thyroid Hormone Axis in Children and Adolescents: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.<b><i>Background:</i></b> We previously found low thyrotropin (TSH) levels in children and adolescents with thyroid nodules, including papillary thyroid cancer, although it is generally accepted that high TSH levels are a risk factor for formation and growth of thyroid nodules in adults. To clarify the reasons for the discrepancy, we precisely analyzed the features of pituitary-thyroid hormone (TH) actions in children and adolescents with or without nodules at different ages. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Among the 4955 participants who participated in a second screening by thyroid ultrasound examination in the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 721 and 2849 euthyroid participants aged 6-20 years without or with nodules, including thyroid cancer, were selected for evaluation of TH regulation. Th2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2025-04-04T19:38:22.937Z2025-04-04T19:38:22.937ZS-EPMC97003793606634210.1089/thy.2022.0327