biostudies-literatureUnknown13Li J<i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> is a freshwater fish with high economic value, but the lack of genome resources has severely restricted its industrial development and population conservation. Here, we constructed the first chromosome-level genome assembly of <i>P. vachelli</i> with a total length of approximately 662.13 Mb and a contig N50 was 14.02 Mb, and scaffolds covering 99.79% of the assembly were anchored to 26 chromosomes. Combining the comparative genome results and transcriptome data under environmental stress (high temperature, hypoxia and <i>Edwardsiella. ictaluri</i> infection), the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and apelin signaling pathway play an important role in environmental adaptation of <i>P. vachelli</i>, and these pathways were interconnected by the ErbB family and involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Population evolution analysis showed that artificial interventions have affected wild populations of <i>P. vachelli</i>. This study provides a useful genomic information for the genetic breeding of <i>P. vachelli</i>, as well as references for further studies on fish biology and evolution.Frontiers in genetics1050192https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9702082biostudies-literatureA high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> provides insights into its environmental adaptation and population history.PMC9702082Zhang GLai ZLi JZhang KYin DYin SWang TJi JLiu WfalseA high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> provides insights into its environmental adaptation and population history.<i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> is a freshwater fish with high economic value, but the lack of genome resources has severely restricted its industrial development and population conservation. Here, we constructed the first chromosome-level genome assembly of <i>P. vachelli</i> with a total length of approximately 662.13 Mb and a contig N50 was 14.02 Mb, and scaffolds covering 99.79% of the assembly were anchored to 26 chromosomes. Combining the comparative genome results and transcriptome data under environmental stress (high temperature, hypoxia and <i>Edwardsiella. ictaluri</i> infection), the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and apelin signaling pathway play an important role in environmental adaptation of <i>P. vachelli</i>, and these pathways were interconnected by the ErbB family and involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Population evolution analysis showed that artificial interventions have affected wild populations of <i>P. vachelli</i>. This study provides a useful genomic information for the genetic breeding of <i>P. vachelli</i>, as well as references for further studies on fish biology and evolution.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222025-04-19T03:33:49.311Z2025-04-07T13:42:34.908ZS-EPMC97020823645216010.3389/fgene.2022.1050192