biostudies-literatureUnknown84(11)Okamoto MAmerican foulbrood (AFB) is a honeybee disease caused by Paenibacillus larvae, and tylosin is used as the prophylactic in Japan. Honey contains macrolide-resistant bacteria that are a potential source of genes that may confer tylosin resistance to P. larvae. To investigate the potential risk of such genes in Japanese honey, we developed real-time PCR assays for the detection of important macrolide resistance genes, ermC and ermB, and analyzed 116 Japanese honey samples with known contamination status of P. larvae. Consequently, 91.38% of samples contained ermC and/or ermB, and 71.55% of samples contained both ermC and P. larvae, suggesting the possible emergence of tylosin-resistant P. larvae in Japan. Therefore, judicious use of the prophylactic is essential in maintaining its effectiveness.The Journal of veterinary medical science1453-1456https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9705809biostudies-literatureDetection of macrolide resistance genes, ermC and ermB, in Japanese honey using real-time PCR assays.PMC9705809Takamatsu DOkamoto MSugimoto IFuruya HfalseDetection of macrolide resistance genes, ermC and ermB, in Japanese honey using real-time PCR assays.American foulbrood (AFB) is a honeybee disease caused by Paenibacillus larvae, and tylosin is used as the prophylactic in Japan. Honey contains macrolide-resistant bacteria that are a potential source of genes that may confer tylosin resistance to P. larvae. To investigate the potential risk of such genes in Japanese honey, we developed real-time PCR assays for the detection of important macrolide resistance genes, ermC and ermB, and analyzed 116 Japanese honey samples with known contamination status of P. larvae. Consequently, 91.38% of samples contained ermC and/or ermB, and 71.55% of samples contained both ermC and P. larvae, suggesting the possible emergence of tylosin-resistant P. larvae in Japan. Therefore, judicious use of the prophylactic is essential in maintaining its effectiveness.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2026-05-28T01:11:16.068Z2025-04-19T22:50:03.197ZS-EPMC97058093612302010.1292/jvms.22-0307