biostudies-literatureUnknown5(11)Puechal X<h4>Importance</h4>Results of randomized clinical trials have demonstrated rituximab's noninferiority to cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), with neither treatment having a specific advantage for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). However, post hoc analysis results have suggested that rituximab might be more effective than cyclophosphamide in inducing remission in patients with proteinase 3-positive AAV.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the effectiveness of rituximab and cyclophosphamide in inducing GPA remission in a large population of unselected patients.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This comparative effectiveness study used multicenter target trial emulation observational data from 32 French hospiJAMA network opene2243799https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9706346biostudies-literatureRituximab vs Cyclophosphamide Induction Therapy for Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.PMC9706346Neel ARossert JVinzio SMerrien DPuechal XBezanahary HPorcher RThervet EQuemeneur TMouthon LRegent AAyach BGraffin BJebrak GBonnotte BGondran GPerrodeau EDesmurs-Clavel HLe Jeunne CMichel MLe Gallou TAchard-Hottelart CColin TKarras AOlivier YLimal NMarie IDion JJPasqualoni EBlanchard-Delaunay CDelbrel XLegallicier BTerrier BImbert BHamidou MRuivard MLifermann FCohen PGrassin FGuillevin LDiot EFrench Vasculitis Study GroupIudici MCottin VLoustaud-Ratti Vde Lacroix-Szmania IHanrotel-Saliou CCharasse CBoffa JJGodeau BAumaitre OAouba ARavaud PLe Hello CfalseRituximab vs Cyclophosphamide Induction Therapy for Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis.<h4>Importance</h4>Results of randomized clinical trials have demonstrated rituximab's noninferiority to cyclophosphamide as induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), with neither treatment having a specific advantage for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). However, post hoc analysis results have suggested that rituximab might be more effective than cyclophosphamide in inducing remission in patients with proteinase 3-positive AAV.<h4>Objective</h4>To compare the effectiveness of rituximab and cyclophosphamide in inducing GPA remission in a large population of unselected patients.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This comparative effectiveness study used multicenter target trial emulation observational data from 32 French hospi2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2025-04-29T11:09:56.007Z2025-04-06T19:49:38.3ZS-EPMC97063463644155410.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43799