biostudies-literatureRuf CG701127892889-2900https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9712330biostudies-literatureUnknown40(12)<h4>Purpose</h4>Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent the most common malignancy in young adult males with two thirds of all cases presenting with clinical stage I (CSI). Active surveillance is the management modality mostly favoured by current guidelines. This systematic review assesses the treatment results in CSI patients concerning recurrence rate and overall survival in non-seminoma (NS) and pure seminoma (SE) resulting from surveillance in comparison to adjuvant strategies.<h4>Methods/systematic review</h4>We performed a systematic literature review confining the search to most recent studies published 2010-2021 that reported direct comparisons of surveillance to adjuvant management. We searched Medline and the Cochrane Library with additional hand-searching of reference listWorld journal of urologyTesticular germ cell tumours' clinical stage I: comparison of surveillance with adjuvant treatment strategies regarding recurrence rates and overall survival-a systematic review.PMC971233070112789Oechsle KZengerling FLackner JBusch JHeinzelbecker JRuf CGDieckmann KPAlbers PWinter CSchmidt SKrege SKliesch SOing CPfister DfalseTesticular germ cell tumours' clinical stage I: comparison of surveillance with adjuvant treatment strategies regarding recurrence rates and overall survival-a systematic review.<h4>Purpose</h4>Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) represent the most common malignancy in young adult males with two thirds of all cases presenting with clinical stage I (CSI). Active surveillance is the management modality mostly favoured by current guidelines. This systematic review assesses the treatment results in CSI patients concerning recurrence rate and overall survival in non-seminoma (NS) and pure seminoma (SE) resulting from surveillance in comparison to adjuvant strategies.<h4>Methods/systematic review</h4>We performed a systematic literature review confining the search to most recent studies published 2010-2021 that reported direct comparisons of surveillance to adjuvant management. We searched Medline and the Cochrane Library with additional hand-searching of reference list2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-18T22:26:33.898Z2025-04-07T10:09:49.205ZS-EPMC97123303610721110.1007/s00345-022-04145-6