{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Joslyn LR"],"funding":["NHLBI NIH HHS","NIH HHS"],"pagination":["20731"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9713124"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["12(1)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Some persistent infections provide a level of immunity that protects against reinfection with the same pathogen, a process referred to as concomitant immunity. To explore the phenomenon of concomitant immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we utilized HostSim, a previously published virtual host model of the immune response following Mtb infection. By simulating reinfection scenarios and comparing with data from non-human primate studies, we propose a hypothesis that the durability of a concomitant immune response against Mtb is intrinsically tied to levels of tissue resident memory T cells (Trms) during primary infection, with a secondary but important role for circulating Mtb-specific T cells. Further, we compare HostSim reinfection experiments to observational TB studies from the pre-antibiotic era to predict that the upper bound of the lifespan of resident memory T cells in human lung tissue is likely 2-3 years. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first estimate of resident memory T-cell lifespan in humans. Our findings are a first step towards demonstrating the important role of Trms in preventing disease and suggest that the induction of lung Trms is likely critical for vaccine success."],"journal":["Scientific reports"],"pubmed_title":["Concomitant immunity to M. tuberculosis infection."],"pmcid":["PMC9713124"],"funding_grant_id":["U01 HL131072","R01 AI50684"],"pubmed_authors":["Flynn JL","Kirschner DE","Joslyn LR","Linderman JJ"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Concomitant immunity to M. tuberculosis infection.","description":"Some persistent infections provide a level of immunity that protects against reinfection with the same pathogen, a process referred to as concomitant immunity. To explore the phenomenon of concomitant immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we utilized HostSim, a previously published virtual host model of the immune response following Mtb infection. By simulating reinfection scenarios and comparing with data from non-human primate studies, we propose a hypothesis that the durability of a concomitant immune response against Mtb is intrinsically tied to levels of tissue resident memory T cells (Trms) during primary infection, with a secondary but important role for circulating Mtb-specific T cells. Further, we compare HostSim reinfection experiments to observational TB studies from the pre-antibiotic era to predict that the upper bound of the lifespan of resident memory T cells in human lung tissue is likely 2-3 years. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first estimate of resident memory T-cell lifespan in humans. Our findings are a first step towards demonstrating the important role of Trms in preventing disease and suggest that the induction of lung Trms is likely critical for vaccine success.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Dec","modification":"2025-04-26T05:14:11.445Z","creation":"2025-04-06T11:26:31.023Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9713124","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36456599"],"doi":["10.1038/s41598-022-24516-8"]}}