{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Bhatt SP"],"funding":["NIBIB NIH HHS","NHLBI NIH HHS","National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","NHGRI NIH HHS","National Institutes of Health Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust","National Institutes of Health","National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"],"pagination":["699-708"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9713451"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["305(3)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Background The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women is fast approaching that in men, and women experience greater symptom burden. Although sex differences in emphysema have been reported, differences in airways have not been systematically characterized. Purpose To evaluate whether structural differences in airways may underlie some of the sex differences in COPD prevalence and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods In a secondary analyses of a multicenter study of never-, current-, and former-smokers enrolled from January 2008 to June 2011 and followed up longitudinally until November 2020, airway disease on CT images was quantified using seven metrics: airway wall thickness, wall area percent, and square root of the wall thickness of a hypothetical airway with internal perimeter of 10 mm (referred to as Pi10) for airway wall; and lumen diameter, airway volume, total airway count, and airway fractal dimension for airway lumen. Least-squares mean values for each airway metric were calculated and adjusted for age, height, ethnicity, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, current smoking status, total lung capacity, display field of view, and scanner type. In ever-smokers, associations were tested between each airway metric and postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>)-to-forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, and 6-minute walk distance. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were created to evaluate the sex-specific association between each airway metric and mortality. Results In never-smokers (<i>n</i> = 420), men had thicker airway walls than women as quantified on CT images for segmental airway wall area percentage (least-squares mean, 47.68 ± 0.61 [standard error] vs 45.78 ± 0.55; difference, -1.90; <i>P</i> = .02), whereas airway lumen dimensions were lower in women than men after accounting for height and total lung capacity (segmental lumen diameter, 8.05 mm ± 0.14 vs 9.05 mm ± 0.16; difference, -1.00 mm; <i>P</i> < .001). In ever-smokers (<i>n</i> = 9363), men had greater segmental airway wall area percentage (least-squares mean, 52.19 ± 0.16 vs 48.89 ± 0.18; difference, -3.30; <i>P</i> < .001), whereas women had narrower segmental lumen diameter (7.80 mm ± 0.05 vs 8.69 mm ± 0.04; difference, -0.89; <i>P</i> < .001). A unit change in each of the airway metrics (higher wall or lower lumen measure) resulted in lower FEV<sub>1</sub>-to-FVC ratio, more dyspnea, poorer respiratory quality of life, lower 6-minute walk distance, and worse survival in women compared with men (all <i>P</i> < .01). Conclusion Airway lumen sizes quantified at chest CT were smaller in women than in men after accounting for height and lung size, and these lower baseline values in women conferred lower reserves against respiratory morbidity and mortality for equivalent changes compared with men. © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>"],"journal":["Radiology"],"pubmed_title":["Sex Differences in Airways at Chest CT: Results from the COPDGene Cohort."],"pmcid":["PMC9713451"],"funding_grant_id":["R01 HL151421","R21EB027891","R01 HG011393","R01 HL089856","U01 HL089897","K23HL133438","R01 HG 011393","U01 HL089856","UG3 HL155806","K23 HL133438","R21 EB027891","R01 HL142625","R01HL142625"],"pubmed_authors":["Bhatt SP","Bodduluri S","Kim YI","Wilson CG","Hoffman EA","Regan EA","Reinhardt JM","Motahari A","Humphries SM","DeMeo DL","Nakhmani A"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Sex Differences in Airways at Chest CT: Results from the COPDGene Cohort.","description":"Background The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women is fast approaching that in men, and women experience greater symptom burden. Although sex differences in emphysema have been reported, differences in airways have not been systematically characterized. Purpose To evaluate whether structural differences in airways may underlie some of the sex differences in COPD prevalence and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods In a secondary analyses of a multicenter study of never-, current-, and former-smokers enrolled from January 2008 to June 2011 and followed up longitudinally until November 2020, airway disease on CT images was quantified using seven metrics: airway wall thickness, wall area percent, and square root of the wall thickness of a hypothetical airway with internal perimeter of 10 mm (referred to as Pi10) for airway wall; and lumen diameter, airway volume, total airway count, and airway fractal dimension for airway lumen. Least-squares mean values for each airway metric were calculated and adjusted for age, height, ethnicity, body mass index, pack-years of smoking, current smoking status, total lung capacity, display field of view, and scanner type. In ever-smokers, associations were tested between each airway metric and postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>)-to-forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score, and 6-minute walk distance. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were created to evaluate the sex-specific association between each airway metric and mortality. Results In never-smokers (<i>n</i> = 420), men had thicker airway walls than women as quantified on CT images for segmental airway wall area percentage (least-squares mean, 47.68 ± 0.61 [standard error] vs 45.78 ± 0.55; difference, -1.90; <i>P</i> = .02), whereas airway lumen dimensions were lower in women than men after accounting for height and total lung capacity (segmental lumen diameter, 8.05 mm ± 0.14 vs 9.05 mm ± 0.16; difference, -1.00 mm; <i>P</i> < .001). In ever-smokers (<i>n</i> = 9363), men had greater segmental airway wall area percentage (least-squares mean, 52.19 ± 0.16 vs 48.89 ± 0.18; difference, -3.30; <i>P</i> < .001), whereas women had narrower segmental lumen diameter (7.80 mm ± 0.05 vs 8.69 mm ± 0.04; difference, -0.89; <i>P</i> < .001). A unit change in each of the airway metrics (higher wall or lower lumen measure) resulted in lower FEV<sub>1</sub>-to-FVC ratio, more dyspnea, poorer respiratory quality of life, lower 6-minute walk distance, and worse survival in women compared with men (all <i>P</i> < .01). Conclusion Airway lumen sizes quantified at chest CT were smaller in women than in men after accounting for height and lung size, and these lower baseline values in women conferred lower reserves against respiratory morbidity and mortality for equivalent changes compared with men. © RSNA, 2022 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Dec","modification":"2025-05-29T21:47:23.994Z","creation":"2025-05-29T21:47:23.994Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9713451","cross_references":{"pubmed":["35916677"],"doi":["10.1148/radiol.212985"]}}