biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Liu YFormamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) perovskites are promising emitters for near-infrared light-emitting diodes. However, their performance is still limited by defect-assisted nonradiative recombination and band offset-induced carrier aggregation at the interface. Herein, we introduce a couple of cadmium salts with acetate or halide anion into the FAPbI₃ perovskite precursors to synergistically passivate the material defects and optimize the device band structure. Particularly, the perovskite analogs, containing zero-dimensional formamidinium cadmium iodide, one-dimensional δ-FAPbI₃, two-dimensional FA₂FA_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1, and three-dimensional α-FAPbI₃, can be obtained in one pot and play a pivotal and positive role in energy transfer in the formamidinium iodide-rich lead-based perovskite films. As a result, the near-infrared FAPbI₃-based devices deliver a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.1% together with substantially improved operational stability. Combining our findings on defect passivation and energy transfer, we also achieve near-infrared light communication with device twins of light emitting and unprecedented self-driven detection.Nature communications7425https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9718757biostudies-literatureSynergistic passivation and stepped-dimensional perovskite analogs enable high-efficiency near-infrared light-emitting diodes.PMC9718757Hu SWang CFang GHu XCong HWang JLiu YKe WGui PWang SDong KJia SWang TLi GLi JChen LTao CLi PXiao MHuang WCao YGao ZLiu CYe FYao FfalseSynergistic passivation and stepped-dimensional perovskite analogs enable high-efficiency near-infrared light-emitting diodes.Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃) perovskites are promising emitters for near-infrared light-emitting diodes. However, their performance is still limited by defect-assisted nonradiative recombination and band offset-induced carrier aggregation at the interface. Herein, we introduce a couple of cadmium salts with acetate or halide anion into the FAPbI₃ perovskite precursors to synergistically passivate the material defects and optimize the device band structure. Particularly, the perovskite analogs, containing zero-dimensional formamidinium cadmium iodide, one-dimensional δ-FAPbI₃, two-dimensional FA₂FA_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1, and three-dimensional α-FAPbI₃, can be obtained in one pot and play a pivotal and positive role in energy transfer in the formamidinium iodide-rich lead-based perovskite films. As a result, the near-infrared FAPbI₃-based devices deliver a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.1% together with substantially improved operational stability. Combining our findings on defect passivation and energy transfer, we also achieve near-infrared light communication with device twins of light emitting and unprecedented self-driven detection.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2026-05-29T19:00:54.377Z2025-04-07T06:22:17.999ZS-EPMC97187573646064710.1038/s41467-022-35218-0