biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)Liu JBrain-inspired electronics require artificial synapses that have ultra-low energy consumption, high operating speed, and stable flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a flexible artificial synapse that uses a rapidly crystallized perovskite layer at room temperature. The device achieves a series of synaptic functions, including logical operations, temporal and spatial rules, and associative learning. Passivation using phenethyl-ammonium iodide eliminated defects and charge traps to reduce the energy consumption to 13.5 aJ per synaptic event, which is the world record for two-terminal artificial synapses. At this ultralow energy consumption, the device achieves ultrafast response frequency of up to 4.17 MHz; which is orders of magnitude magnitudes higher than previous perovskite artificial synapNature communications7427https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9718817biostudies-literatureA bioinspired flexible neuromuscular system based thermal-annealing-free perovskite with passivation.PMC9718817Liu JLi YWei HJiang CGong JXu WWu HfalseA bioinspired flexible neuromuscular system based thermal-annealing-free perovskite with passivation.Brain-inspired electronics require artificial synapses that have ultra-low energy consumption, high operating speed, and stable flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a flexible artificial synapse that uses a rapidly crystallized perovskite layer at room temperature. The device achieves a series of synaptic functions, including logical operations, temporal and spatial rules, and associative learning. Passivation using phenethyl-ammonium iodide eliminated defects and charge traps to reduce the energy consumption to 13.5 aJ per synaptic event, which is the world record for two-terminal artificial synapses. At this ultralow energy consumption, the device achieves ultrafast response frequency of up to 4.17 MHz; which is orders of magnitude magnitudes higher than previous perovskite artificial synap2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-21T16:47:12.475Z2025-04-21T16:47:12.475ZS-EPMC97188173646063810.1038/s41467-022-35092-w