biostudies-literatureSpinelli GNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversità degli Studi di Milano - Bicocca2133-2145https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9722811biostudies-literatureUnknown29(6)Adapting attention flexibly is a fundamental ability of the human control system. In the color-word Stroop task, for example, congruency effects are typically smaller for colors and words that appear mainly in incongruent stimuli (mostly-incongruent items) than for colors and words that appear mainly in congruent stimuli (mostly-congruent items). At least part of this item-specific proportion-congruent (ISPC) effect is due to a process of reactive conflict adaptation that affords higher selectivity (i.e., more efficient selection of task-relevant information) when a specific stimulus is presented that is frequently associated in the experiment with conflicting task-irrelevant information. What is unclear, however, is whether, normally, this stimulus-specific adaptation is triggered by the Psychonomic bulletin & reviewBoth task-irrelevant and task-relevant information trigger reactive conflict adaptation in the item-specific proportion-congruent paradigm.PMC9722811A6333Lupker SJSpinelli GMorton JBfalseBoth task-irrelevant and task-relevant information trigger reactive conflict adaptation in the item-specific proportion-congruent paradigm.Adapting attention flexibly is a fundamental ability of the human control system. In the color-word Stroop task, for example, congruency effects are typically smaller for colors and words that appear mainly in incongruent stimuli (mostly-incongruent items) than for colors and words that appear mainly in congruent stimuli (mostly-congruent items). At least part of this item-specific proportion-congruent (ISPC) effect is due to a process of reactive conflict adaptation that affords higher selectivity (i.e., more efficient selection of task-relevant information) when a specific stimulus is presented that is frequently associated in the experiment with conflicting task-irrelevant information. What is unclear, however, is whether, normally, this stimulus-specific adaptation is triggered by the 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-19T18:54:46.479Z2025-04-19T18:54:46.479ZS-EPMC97228113576865910.3758/s13423-022-02138-5