biostudies-literatureLi SOffice of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy17206-17214https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9730900biostudies-literatureUnknown56(23)Renewable, low-carbon biofuels offer the potential opportunity to decarbonize marine transportation. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis and process sustainability assessment of four conversion pathways: (1) hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet wastes such as sewage sludge and manure; (2) fast pyrolysis of woody biomass; (3) landfill gas Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; and (4) lignin-ethanol oil from the lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation. These alternative marine biofuels have a modeled minimum fuel selling price between $1.68 and $3.98 per heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent in 2016 U.S. dollars based on a mature plant assessment. The selected pathways also exhibit good process sustainability performance in terms of water inteEnvironmental science & technologyTechno-economic Analysis of Sustainable Biofuels for Marine Transportation.PMC9730900PO-2196073DE-AC05-76RL01830Thorson MRHawkins TRKass MDLi SZaimes GGSnowden-Swan LJDutta ARamasamy KKTan ECDBartling AWBrasington RfalseTechno-economic Analysis of Sustainable Biofuels for Marine Transportation.Renewable, low-carbon biofuels offer the potential opportunity to decarbonize marine transportation. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis and process sustainability assessment of four conversion pathways: (1) hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet wastes such as sewage sludge and manure; (2) fast pyrolysis of woody biomass; (3) landfill gas Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; and (4) lignin-ethanol oil from the lignocellulosic ethanol biorefinery utilizing reductive catalytic fractionation. These alternative marine biofuels have a modeled minimum fuel selling price between $1.68 and $3.98 per heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent in 2016 U.S. dollars based on a mature plant assessment. The selected pathways also exhibit good process sustainability performance in terms of water inte2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-19T05:10:08.763Z2025-04-19T05:10:08.763ZS-EPMC97309003640982510.1021/acs.est.2c03960