biostudies-literatureTan WNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program of Chinae11776https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9732132biostudies-literatureUnknown8(12)The absolute radiometric accuracy of earth-observing camera is crucial for the applications of natural resources, environment, agriculture and other industries. To continue the progress in this filed, a lunar surface reflectance based radiometric calibration approach is given in this paper. We chose IIM, M3, SP lunar models as references and GF-4 VNIR camera as sensor under calibrating. The lunar calibration sites were MS-2 site, Apollo-16 site and CE-3 site. The equivalent reflectance models of lunar were retrieved by Multiplying and integrating with the spectral response function of VNIR camera. Absolute radiometric calibrations with the equivalent reflectance models of lunar were carried out for 520-590nm, 630-690nm and 770-890nm spectral bands. The ground-based validation experiments wHeliyonAbsolute radiometric calibration with lunar surface reflectance as reference for earth-observing VNIR camera.PMC9732132420502022018YFB0504801Tan WHe HQi WWang XfalseAbsolute radiometric calibration with lunar surface reflectance as reference for earth-observing VNIR camera.The absolute radiometric accuracy of earth-observing camera is crucial for the applications of natural resources, environment, agriculture and other industries. To continue the progress in this filed, a lunar surface reflectance based radiometric calibration approach is given in this paper. We chose IIM, M3, SP lunar models as references and GF-4 VNIR camera as sensor under calibrating. The lunar calibration sites were MS-2 site, Apollo-16 site and CE-3 site. The equivalent reflectance models of lunar were retrieved by Multiplying and integrating with the spectral response function of VNIR camera. Absolute radiometric calibrations with the equivalent reflectance models of lunar were carried out for 520-590nm, 630-690nm and 770-890nm spectral bands. The ground-based validation experiments w2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-05T10:33:43.606Z2025-04-05T10:33:43.606ZS-EPMC97321323650637510.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11776