biostudies-literatureUnknown14(23)Bou SWe report here the long-term results of marker-less respiratory-gated proton therapy (PT), without fiducial markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was planned using a four-dimensional computed tomography technique. Local tumor control (LTC) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Toxicity was graded per CTCAE v5.0. Patients (n = 105; median age 73 years, range 38-90 years) with 128 lesions were treated. The median radiation dose was 66 gray relative biological effectiveness (GyRBE) (range, 52.8-82.5 GyRBE) delivered in 2.0 to 6.6 GyRBE fractions, depending on lesion volume, the involved liver, and the patient's condition. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 63 months (range, 1-126 months), and the 5-year LTC and OS rates were 93.2% and Cancers5842https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9735597biostudies-literatureLong-Term Results of Proton Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Planning without Fiducial Markers.PMC9735597Matsumoto SYamamoto KAoyagi HTakamatsu SKondou TMaeda YSasaki MKawamura MKobayashi STatebe HTamamura HBou SSato YGabata TShibata STameshige YAsahi SSunagozaka HfalseLong-Term Results of Proton Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography Planning without Fiducial Markers.We report here the long-term results of marker-less respiratory-gated proton therapy (PT), without fiducial markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which was planned using a four-dimensional computed tomography technique. Local tumor control (LTC) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Toxicity was graded per CTCAE v5.0. Patients (n = 105; median age 73 years, range 38-90 years) with 128 lesions were treated. The median radiation dose was 66 gray relative biological effectiveness (GyRBE) (range, 52.8-82.5 GyRBE) delivered in 2.0 to 6.6 GyRBE fractions, depending on lesion volume, the involved liver, and the patient's condition. The median follow-up of surviving patients was 63 months (range, 1-126 months), and the 5-year LTC and OS rates were 93.2% and 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2025-04-05T10:33:32.039Z2025-04-05T10:33:32.039ZS-EPMC97355973649732310.3390/cancers14235842