biostudies-literatureUnknown17(16)Tada T<h4>Background</h4>Calcified nodules (CN) have been reported as being associated with stent failure including in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, there is no systematic study of this condition.<h4>Aims</h4>We aimed to clarify the prevalence, predictors, and midterm results of ISR lesions with CN.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined the clinical characteristics of 651 ISR lesions in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) between October 2008 and July 2016, and their 6- to 8-month follow-up angiography results. CN was defined as a high backscattering mass with small nodular calcium depositions which protruded into the vessel lumen.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty-two ISR lesions (4.9%) had CN. Multivariable analysis showed that calcified lesion (odds ratio [OR] 12.441, p<0.001), incomplete stent apposition (OR 3.228, p=0.005), haemodialysis (OR 3.633, p=0.024), and female gender (OR 3.212, p=0.036) were independently associated with ISR lesions with CN. Midterm follow-up was performed on 612 ISR lesions. Both ISR and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) rates were significantly higher in lesions with CN compared with those without CN (43.8% vs 25.0%, p=0.023; 37.5% vs 18.8%, p=0.020, respectively). However, multivariate analysis did not show the presence of CN as an independent predictor of re-TLR (OR 1.690, p=0.286).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of ISR lesions with CN was 4.9%. Calcified lesions, incomplete stent apposition, haemodialysis, and female gender are probably associated with CN formation. ISR lesions with CN may have poor midterm outcomes compared with ISR lesions without CN.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology1352-1361https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9743251biostudies-literaturePrevalence, predictors, and outcomes of in-stent restenosis with calcified nodules.PMC9743251Kubo SMiura KTaguchi YTada TKadota KTanaka HFuku YIkuta AOsakada KShimada TTakamatsu MOhya MfalsePrevalence, predictors, and outcomes of in-stent restenosis with calcified nodules.<h4>Background</h4>Calcified nodules (CN) have been reported as being associated with stent failure including in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, there is no systematic study of this condition.<h4>Aims</h4>We aimed to clarify the prevalence, predictors, and midterm results of ISR lesions with CN.<h4>Methods</h4>We examined the clinical characteristics of 651 ISR lesions in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) between October 2008 and July 2016, and their 6- to 8-month follow-up angiography results. CN was defined as a high backscattering mass with small nodular calcium depositions which protruded into the vessel lumen.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty-two ISR lesions (4.9%) had CN. Multivariable analysis showed that calcified lesion (odds ratio [OR] 12.441, p<0.001), incomplete stent apposition (OR 3.228, p=0.005), haemodialysis (OR 3.633, p=0.024), and female gender (OR 3.212, p=0.036) were independently associated with ISR lesions with CN. Midterm follow-up was performed on 612 ISR lesions. Both ISR and target lesion revascularisation (TLR) rates were significantly higher in lesions with CN compared with those without CN (43.8% vs 25.0%, p=0.023; 37.5% vs 18.8%, p=0.020, respectively). However, multivariate analysis did not show the presence of CN as an independent predictor of re-TLR (OR 1.690, p=0.286).<h4>Conclusions</h4>The prevalence of ISR lesions with CN was 4.9%. Calcified lesions, incomplete stent apposition, haemodialysis, and female gender are probably associated with CN formation. ISR lesions with CN may have poor midterm outcomes compared with ISR lesions without CN.2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Mar2025-04-04T21:31:18.661Z2025-04-04T21:31:18.661ZS-EPMC97432513448309010.4244/EIJ-D-21-0050410.4244/eij-d-21-00504