{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Lincoln ZR"],"funding":["NHLBI NIH HHS","HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","Georgia Southern University"],"pagination":["H1323-H1330"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9744640"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["323(6)"],"pubmed_abstract":["Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during physical stress is prognostic for incident cardiovascular disease. CVR is influenced by perceived pain. However, there is limited data on the effect of sex differences and repeated exposures to painful stimuli on CVR. We measured blood pressure (BP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV; an index of arterial stiffness) at rest, during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction, and during postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) during two identical trials in 39 adults (20M/19F; 18-39 yr). We assessed participants' perceived pain using a visual analog scale after the first minute of each stimulus. We collected BP during <i>minute 2</i> of each stimulus and cf-PWV during <i>minute 3</i> of each stimulus. In male participants, we observed moderate associations (<i>P</i>s ≤ 0.023) between perceived pain and changes in brachial diastolic (ρ = 0.620) and mean BP (ρ = 0.597); central diastolic, mean, and systolic BP (ρs = 0.519-0.654); and cf-PWV (ρ = 0.680) during PECO in <i>trial 1</i>, but not <i>trial 2 (P</i>s ≥ 0.162). However, in female participants, there were no associations between pain and CVR indices during either trial (<i>P</i>s ≥ 0.137). Irrespective of sex, reductions in perceived pain during <i>trial 2</i> relative to <i>trial 1</i> were weakly to moderately associated (<i>P</i>s ≤ 0.038) with reductions in brachial diastolic (ρ = 0.346), mean (ρ = 0.379), and systolic BP (ρ = 0.333); central mean (ρ = 0.400) and systolic BP (ρ = 0.369); and cf-PWV (ρ = 0.526). These findings suggest that <i>1</i>) there are sex differences in pain modulation of CVR in young adults and <i>2</i>) habituation blunts pain and CVR during PECO, irrespective of sex.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We demonstrate sex differences in the association between pain perception and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during ischemic pain. We also demonstrate habituation to pain and reduced CVR during repeated exposure in a sex-independent manner. Accounting for sex differences and habituation may improve the prognostic utility of CVR."],"journal":["American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology"],"pubmed_title":["Habituation attenuates the sex-specific associations between ischemic pain, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in young adults."],"pmcid":["PMC9744640"],"funding_grant_id":["K01HL147998","K01 HL147998","R15 HL165325","Internal Seed Funding","K01 HL160772","K01HL160772"],"pubmed_authors":["Cross BL","Flatt AA","Robinson AT","Grosicki GJ","Lincoln ZR","Blumenburg WT","Vondrasek JD","Watso JC","Linder B"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Habituation attenuates the sex-specific associations between ischemic pain, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in young adults.","description":"Cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during physical stress is prognostic for incident cardiovascular disease. CVR is influenced by perceived pain. However, there is limited data on the effect of sex differences and repeated exposures to painful stimuli on CVR. We measured blood pressure (BP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV; an index of arterial stiffness) at rest, during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction, and during postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) during two identical trials in 39 adults (20M/19F; 18-39 yr). We assessed participants' perceived pain using a visual analog scale after the first minute of each stimulus. We collected BP during <i>minute 2</i> of each stimulus and cf-PWV during <i>minute 3</i> of each stimulus. In male participants, we observed moderate associations (<i>P</i>s ≤ 0.023) between perceived pain and changes in brachial diastolic (ρ = 0.620) and mean BP (ρ = 0.597); central diastolic, mean, and systolic BP (ρs = 0.519-0.654); and cf-PWV (ρ = 0.680) during PECO in <i>trial 1</i>, but not <i>trial 2 (P</i>s ≥ 0.162). However, in female participants, there were no associations between pain and CVR indices during either trial (<i>P</i>s ≥ 0.137). Irrespective of sex, reductions in perceived pain during <i>trial 2</i> relative to <i>trial 1</i> were weakly to moderately associated (<i>P</i>s ≤ 0.038) with reductions in brachial diastolic (ρ = 0.346), mean (ρ = 0.379), and systolic BP (ρ = 0.333); central mean (ρ = 0.400) and systolic BP (ρ = 0.369); and cf-PWV (ρ = 0.526). These findings suggest that <i>1</i>) there are sex differences in pain modulation of CVR in young adults and <i>2</i>) habituation blunts pain and CVR during PECO, irrespective of sex.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We demonstrate sex differences in the association between pain perception and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) during ischemic pain. We also demonstrate habituation to pain and reduced CVR during repeated exposure in a sex-independent manner. Accounting for sex differences and habituation may improve the prognostic utility of CVR.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022 Dec","modification":"2025-05-29T21:47:17.807Z","creation":"2025-05-29T21:47:17.807Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9744640","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36367694"],"doi":["10.1152/ajpheart.00567.2022"]}}