biostudies-literatureTang TStrategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of SciencesYounth Innovation Promotion Association CASNational Natural Science Foundation of Chinae78703https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9754634biostudies-literatureUnknown11Addressing global biodiversity loss requires an expanded focus on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. While most studies have focused on the consequences of plant interspecific diversity, our mechanistic understanding of how genetic diversity within plant species affects plant productivity remains limited. Here, we use a tree species × genetic diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of species diversity and genetic diversity on tree productivity, and how they are related to tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. We found that tree species diversity increased tree productivity via increased tree functional diversity, reduced soil fungal diversity, and marginally reduced herbivory. The effects of tree genetic diversity on productivity via functional diversity and soil fungeLifeTree species and genetic diversity increase productivity via functional diversity and trophic feedbacks.PMC975463431870409XDB31000000201908232161123003Hipp ALSchmid BBruelheide HLiang YZhang NCavender-Bares JDurka WKlein AMFornoff FLiu XHan BSchuldt ALi SStaab MBongers FJLin HTang TMa KfalseTree species and genetic diversity increase productivity via functional diversity and trophic feedbacks.Addressing global biodiversity loss requires an expanded focus on multiple dimensions of biodiversity. While most studies have focused on the consequences of plant interspecific diversity, our mechanistic understanding of how genetic diversity within plant species affects plant productivity remains limited. Here, we use a tree species × genetic diversity experiment to disentangle the effects of species diversity and genetic diversity on tree productivity, and how they are related to tree functional diversity and trophic feedbacks. We found that tree species diversity increased tree productivity via increased tree functional diversity, reduced soil fungal diversity, and marginally reduced herbivory. The effects of tree genetic diversity on productivity via functional diversity and soil fung2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Nov2025-04-18T13:23:32.566Z2025-04-06T23:02:37.859ZS-EPMC97546343644464510.7554/eLife.78703