{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["9"],"submitter":["Xiong Z"],"pubmed_abstract":["<h4>Background</h4>Chronically high blood pressure (HBP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured the intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adults and calculated its prognostic significance for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.<h4>Methods</h4>The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study enrolled 5,115 healthy black and white Americans who were 18-30 years old at baseline (1985-1986). The intensity of hypertensive exposure was calculated as the area under the curve (mm Hg × years) from baseline to year 15. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was identified at years 15, 20, and 25, and intima-media thickness (IMT) was identified at year 20.<h4>Results</h4>At baseline, the mean age was 40.1 years; 55.1% of participants were women, and 46.5% were black. After adjustment, cumulative systolic BP (SBP) was positively associated with CAC [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23 (1.14, 1.32)] and IMT [β = 0.022 (0.017, 0.028)]. For CAC, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.643 (0.619, 0.667); compared to baseline SBP, the net reclassification index (NRI) of cumulative SBP was 0.180 (0.115, 0.256) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was 0.023 (0.012, 0.036). For IMT, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.674 (0.643, 0.705), the NRI was 0.220 (0.138, 0.305), and the IDI was 0.008 (0.004, 0.0012).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Greater intensity of hypertensive exposure in early adulthood is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age and provides better prognostic value than baseline BP for early cardiovascular risk."],"journal":["Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine"],"pagination":["959146"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9768548"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age: Evidence from the CARDIA study."],"pmcid":["PMC9768548"],"pubmed_authors":["Xiong Z","Li J","Huang Y","Liu M","Liao X","Zhuang X","Lin Y","Zhang S","Ye X","Xie P"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age: Evidence from the CARDIA study.","description":"<h4>Background</h4>Chronically high blood pressure (HBP) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured the intensity of hypertensive exposure in young adults and calculated its prognostic significance for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.<h4>Methods</h4>The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study enrolled 5,115 healthy black and white Americans who were 18-30 years old at baseline (1985-1986). The intensity of hypertensive exposure was calculated as the area under the curve (mm Hg × years) from baseline to year 15. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was identified at years 15, 20, and 25, and intima-media thickness (IMT) was identified at year 20.<h4>Results</h4>At baseline, the mean age was 40.1 years; 55.1% of participants were women, and 46.5% were black. After adjustment, cumulative systolic BP (SBP) was positively associated with CAC [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23 (1.14, 1.32)] and IMT [β = 0.022 (0.017, 0.028)]. For CAC, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.643 (0.619, 0.667); compared to baseline SBP, the net reclassification index (NRI) of cumulative SBP was 0.180 (0.115, 0.256) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was 0.023 (0.012, 0.036). For IMT, the C-statistic for cumulative SBP was 0.674 (0.643, 0.705), the NRI was 0.220 (0.138, 0.305), and the IDI was 0.008 (0.004, 0.0012).<h4>Conclusion</h4>Greater intensity of hypertensive exposure in early adulthood is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age and provides better prognostic value than baseline BP for early cardiovascular risk.","dates":{"release":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2022","modification":"2025-04-04T21:54:47.839Z","creation":"2025-04-04T21:54:47.839Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC9768548","cross_references":{"pubmed":["36568541"],"doi":["10.3389/fcvm.2022.959146"]}}