biostudies-literatureChen XChina Scholarship CouncilEuropean Research Council119757https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9771827biostudies-literatureUnknown264Walking influences visual processing but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of walking on pre-stimulus and stimulus-induced visual neural activity and behavioural performance in a discrimination task while participants were standing or freely walking. The results showed dissociable pre- and post-stimulus influences by the movement state. Walking was associated with a reduced pre-stimulus alpha power, which predicted enhanced N1 and decreased P3 components during walking. This pre-stimulus alpha activity was additionally modulated by time on the task, which was paralleled by a similar behavioural modulation. In contrast, the post-stimulus alpha power was reduced in its modulation due to stimulus onset during walking but showed noNeuroImageHuman visual processing during walking: Dissociable pre- and post-stimulus influences.PMC9771827201908060012677819Cao LHaendel BFChen XfalseHuman visual processing during walking: Dissociable pre- and post-stimulus influences.Walking influences visual processing but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of walking on pre-stimulus and stimulus-induced visual neural activity and behavioural performance in a discrimination task while participants were standing or freely walking. The results showed dissociable pre- and post-stimulus influences by the movement state. Walking was associated with a reduced pre-stimulus alpha power, which predicted enhanced N1 and decreased P3 components during walking. This pre-stimulus alpha activity was additionally modulated by time on the task, which was paralleled by a similar behavioural modulation. In contrast, the post-stimulus alpha power was reduced in its modulation due to stimulus onset during walking but showed no2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2025-04-26T09:51:27.805Z2025-04-06T13:07:33.438ZS-EPMC97718273641420910.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119757