biostudies-literatureOlney KCEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNICHD NIH HHSNCATS NIH HHSAchievement Rewards for College Scientists FoundationNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNIGMS NIH HHS74https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9773522biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)<h4>Background</h4>Pregnancy complications vary based on the fetus's genetic sex, which may, in part, be modulated by the placenta. Furthermore, developmental differences early in life can have lifelong health outcomes. Yet, sex differences in gene expression within the placenta at different timepoints throughout pregnancy and comparisons to adult tissues remains poorly characterized.<h4>Methods</h4>Here, we collect and characterize sex differences in gene expression in term placentas (≥ 36.6 weeks; 23 male XY and 27 female XX). These are compared with sex differences in previously collected first trimester placenta samples and 42 non-reproductive adult tissues from GTEx.<h4>Results</h4>We identify 268 and 53 sex-differentially expressed genes in the uncomplicated late first trimester and Biology of sex differencesSex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues.PMC9773522F31 HD101252R35GM124827F31HD101252Spetzler ScholarUL1 TR001863R35 GM124827Plaisier SBPerley LKliman HJWilson MASilasi MOlney KCPhung TNO'Bryan JRamirez LfalseSex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues.<h4>Background</h4>Pregnancy complications vary based on the fetus's genetic sex, which may, in part, be modulated by the placenta. Furthermore, developmental differences early in life can have lifelong health outcomes. Yet, sex differences in gene expression within the placenta at different timepoints throughout pregnancy and comparisons to adult tissues remains poorly characterized.<h4>Methods</h4>Here, we collect and characterize sex differences in gene expression in term placentas (≥ 36.6 weeks; 23 male XY and 27 female XX). These are compared with sex differences in previously collected first trimester placenta samples and 42 non-reproductive adult tissues from GTEx.<h4>Results</h4>We identify 268 and 53 sex-differentially expressed genes in the uncomplicated late first trimester and 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Dec2026-06-18T07:05:23.198Z2025-02-19T01:55:43.765ZS-EPMC97735223655052710.1186/s13293-022-00470-y