biostudies-literatureKretschmer TEuropean Research CouncilNIDA NIH HHSAXA Research FundMedical Research CouncilNIAAA NIH HHSZonMwEuropean Science Foundation1206-1213https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC9796590biostudies-literatureUnknown63(10)<h4>Background</h4>Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems are often studied separately. Here, we extended prior work by investigating the implications of gene-environment interplay in childhood for early adult externalizing behavior. Genetic nurture would be indicated if parents' genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through the family environment in predicting offspring early adult externalizing behavior. Evocative gene-environment correlation would be indicated if offspring genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through child externalizing behavior in affecting the family environment and later early adult externalizing behavior.<h4>Method</h4>Longitudinal data from seven waves of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives SJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplinesGene-environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood.PMC9796590MC_PC_17228R01 DA050721U10 AA008401757364R01 AA015416K02 AA018755MC_QA137853647648P50 AA022537Wertz JNolte IMVrijen CHartman CAKretschmer TfalseGene-environment interplay in externalizing behavior from childhood through adulthood.<h4>Background</h4>Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing problems are often studied separately. Here, we extended prior work by investigating the implications of gene-environment interplay in childhood for early adult externalizing behavior. Genetic nurture would be indicated if parents' genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through the family environment in predicting offspring early adult externalizing behavior. Evocative gene-environment correlation would be indicated if offspring genetic predisposition for externalizing behavior operates through child externalizing behavior in affecting the family environment and later early adult externalizing behavior.<h4>Method</h4>Longitudinal data from seven waves of the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives S2022-01-01T00:00:00Z2022 Oct2026-05-10T04:50:13.309Z2025-04-21T15:20:43.502ZS-EPMC97965903576629610.1111/jcpp.13652